在实验中学习--几何光学教学的一种新方法
Learning through experimenting: an original way of teaching geometrical optics
摘要：
在过去的10年里，我们已经在巴黎南大学开发了一个以实验为中心的几何光学第一年课程。与传统的自上而下的学习结构不同，在传统的大学学习结构中，实践课程通常只是对前面讲座中教授的定律的验证，这门课程提倡“主动学习”，并侧重于学生的实验。强烈鼓励学生之间的互动和自我质疑，实践是第一位的，在任何理论知识之前。本文通过一系列具体实例，阐述了该课程教学的基本理念。我们证明，不仅几何光学可以通过实验教学，但它也可以作为一个有用的介绍实验物理。过去十年的反馈表明，我们的方法成功地帮助学生更好地学习，获得动力和自主性。这种方法可以很容易地应用到物理学的其他领域。
英文摘要：
Over the past 10 years, we have developed at University Paris Sud a first year course on geometrical optics centered on experimentation. In contrast with the traditional top-down learning structure usually applied at university, in which practical sessions are often a mere verification of the laws taught during preceding lectures, this course promotes "active learning" and focuses on experiments made by the students. Interaction among students and self questioning are strongly encouraged and practicing comes first, before any theoretical knowledge. Through a series of concrete examples, the present paper describes the philosophy underlying the teaching in this course. We demonstrate that not only geometrical optics can be taught through experiments, but also that it can serve as a useful introduction to experimental physics. Feedback over the last ten years shows that our approach succeeds in helping students to learn better and acquire motivation and autonomy. This approach can easily be applied to other fields of physics.
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