从流动叙述中拯救无喷流（NJ）方位四极
Rescuing the nonjet (NJ) azimuth quadrupole from the flow narrative
摘要：
根据通常应用于高能核碰撞的流动叙述，一维方位角相关的圆柱四极分量通常用量$v_2$表示，并解释为代表椭圆流。喷流角相关也可能对$v_2$数据产生“非流动”影响，这取决于计算$v_2$所用的方法，但二维图解法可用于确保精确分离。无喷流（NJ）四极有各种性质不一致的流动解释，包括观察到NJ四极中心的变化在A-A碰撞没有关系到强烈变化的喷流修改（“喷流淬火”），在这些碰撞通常归因于喷流与流动的稠密介质的相互作用。在这篇演讲中，我描述了从RHIC和LHC的PT-微分$v_2(p_t)$数据中分离四极谱。我证明了四极子谱具有与大多数强子的单粒子谱非常不同的特征，四极子谱表明了一小部分“携带”NJ四极子结构的强子具有共同的增强强子源，窄的源-增强分布是膨胀的薄圆柱壳的特征（与水力描述强烈矛盾），并且在增强帧中，横质量$m_t$上的Lévy分布精确地描述了几个强子种类的数据，这些强子种类根据它们的南极模型丰度进行了标度。从RHIC到LHC，四极谱形状变化很小。这些特征结合起来强烈地暗示了一种独特的{ \em nonflow}（和nonjet）QCD机制，用于通常由$v_2$表示的NJ四极。
英文摘要：
According to the flow narrative commonly applied to high-energy nuclear collisions a cylindrical-quadrupole component of 1D azimuth angular correlations is conventionally denoted by quantity $v_2$ and interpreted to represent elliptic flow. Jet angular correlations may also contribute to $v_2$ data as "nonflow" depending on the method used to calculate $v_2$, but 2D graphical methods are available to insure accurate separation. The nonjet (NJ) quadrupole has various properties inconsistent with a flow interpretation, including the observation that NJ quadrupole centrality variation in A-A collisions has no relation to strongly-varying jet modification ("jet quenching") in those collisions commonly attributed to jet interaction with a flowing dense medium. In this presentation I describe isolation of quadrupole spectra from pt-differential $v_2(p_t)$ data from the RHIC and LHC. I demonstrate that quadrupole spectra have characteristics very different from the single-particle spectra for most hadrons, that quadrupole spectra indicate a common boosted hadron source for a small minority of hadrons that "carry" the NJ quadrupole structure, that the narrow source-boost distribution is characteristic of an expanding thin cylindrical shell (strongly contradicting hydro descriptions), and that in the boost frame a single universal quadrupole spectrum (Lévy distribution) on transverse mass $m_t$ accurately describes data for several hadron species scaled according to their statistical-model abundances. The quadrupole spectrum shape changes very little from RHIC to LHC energies. Taken in combination those characteristics strongly suggest a unique {\em nonflow} (and nonjet) QCD mechanism for the NJ quadrupole conventionally represented by $v_2$.
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