道斯评论行星形成的潮汐缩小假说
Dawes Review. The tidal downsizing hypothesis of planet formation
摘要：
潮汐缩减是柯伊伯（1951）关于行星形成的理论的现代版本。自引力盘，气体碎片，尘埃颗粒动力学和行星演化计算的详细模拟总结在这里，并用于建立一个预测的行星形成模型和人口合成。一个新的解释外行星和碎片盘数据，太阳系的起源，行星和褐矮星之间的联系提供。这种解释与当前的观测和核心吸积理论的预测形成对比。观察，可以区分这两种情况下指出。特别是，潮汐缩小预测碎片盘，亚海王星质量行星，行星质量大于$\sim 5$ ~木星质量和褐矮星的存在不应该与主机的金属丰度强烈相关。对于$\sim$土星到几个木星质量的气体巨星，一个强的宿主恒星金属丰度相关性预测只有向内的几个AU从主机。预测大块核的成分主要是岩石而不是冰。由潮汐缩小形成的碎片盘与由地核吸积形成的碎片盘在诞生时是不同的：它们的最内侧边缘总是大于约1 au，总质量较小，通常处于动态激发态。有人认为，行星形成在令人惊讶的年轻或非常动态的系统，如HL头和开普勒-444可能是一个签名的潮汐缩小。开放的问题和潜在的弱点的假设指出。
英文摘要：
Tidal Downsizing is the modern version of the Kuiper (1951) scenario of planet formation. Detailed simulations of self-gravitating discs, gas fragments, dust grain dynamics, and planet evolutionary calculations are summarised here and used to build a predictive planet formation model and population synthesis. A new interpretation of exoplanetary and debris disc data, the Solar System's origins, and the links between planets and brown dwarfs is offered. This interpretation is contrasted with the current observations and the predictions of the Core Accretion theory. Observations that can distinguish the two scenarios are pointed out. In particular, Tidal Downsizing predicts that presence of debris discs, sub-Neptune mass planets, planets more massive than $\sim 5$~Jupiter masses and brown dwarfs should not correlate strongly with the metallicity of the host. For gas giants of $\sim$ Saturn to a few Jupiter mass, a strong host star metallicity correlation is predicted only inwards of a few AU from the host. Composition of massive cores is predicted to be dominated by rock rather than ices. Debris discs made by Tidal Downsizing are distinct from those made by Core Accretion at birth: they have an innermost edge always larger than about 1 au, have smaller total masses and are usually in a dynamically excited state. It is argued that planet formation in surprisingly young or very dynamic systems such as HL Tau and Kepler-444 may be a signature of Tidal Downsizing. Open questions and potential weaknesses of the hypothesis are pointed out.
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