热机中卡诺效率的不可达性：Feynman-Smoluchowski棘轮的粗粒化和熵产生
Unattainability of Carnot efficiency in thermal motors: Coarse-graining and entropy production of Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet
摘要：
我们重新审视和分析的热力学效率的费曼-Smoluchowski（FS）棘轮，一个经典的思想实验描述了一个自主的热功转换器。从FS棘轮的完整动力学出发，推导出粗粒化导致的隐藏耗散的确切形式，我们重申了其热力学效率的历史争议。隐熵产生的存在意味着应用于粗粒度描述的随机热力学的标准框架未能捕获系统的耗散特征。针对这一问题，我们探索了一个扩展的随机热力学框架，从粗粒度动力学中重建隐藏的熵产生。该方法作为一个关键的例子，我们如何能够系统地解决问题的热力学效率在多变量波动的非平衡系统。
英文摘要：
We revisit and analyze the thermodynamic efficiency of the Feynman-Smoluchowski (FS) ratchet, a classical thought experiment describing an autonomous heat-work converter. Starting from the full kinetics of the FS ratchet and deriving the exact forms of the hidden dissipations resulting from coarse-graining, we restate the historical controversy over its thermodynamic efficiency. The existence of hidden entropy productions implies that the standard framework of stochastic thermodynamics applied to the coarse-grained descriptions fails in capturing the dissipative feature of the system. In response to this problem, we explore an extended framework of stochastic thermodynamics to reconstruct the hidden entropy production from the coarse-grained dynamics. The approach serves as a key example of how we can systematically address the problem of thermodynamic efficiency in a multi-variable fluctuating non-equilibrium system.
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