Focal seizures are episodes of pathological brain activity that appear to arise from a localised area of the brain. The onset patterns of focal seizure activity have been studied intensively, and they have largely been distinguished into two types - low amplitude fast oscillations (LAF), or high amplitude spikes (HAS). Here we explore whether these two patterns arise from fundamentally different mechanisms. Here, we use a previously established computational model of neocortical tissue, and validate it as an adequate model using clinical recordings of focal seizures. We then reproduce the two onset patterns in their most defining properties and investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the different focal seizure onset patterns in the model. We show that the two patterns are associated with different mechanisms at the spatial scale of a single ECoG electrode. The LAF onset is initiated by independent patches of localised activity, which slowly invade the surrounding tissue and coalesce over time. In contrast, the HAS onset is a global, systemic transition to a coexisting seizure state triggered by a local event. We find that such a global transition is enabled by an increase in the excitability of the "healthy" surrounding tissue, which by itself does not generate seizures, but can support seizure activity when incited. In our simulations, the difference in surrounding tissue excitability also offers a simple explanation of the clinically reported difference in surgical outcomes. Finally, we demonstrate in the model how changes in tissue excitability could be elucidated, in principle, using active stimulation. Taken together, our modelling results suggest that the excitability of the tissue surrounding the seizure core may play a determining role in the seizure onset pattern, as well as in the surgical outcome.
Intracranial EEG structure-function coupling predicts surgical outcomes in focal epilepsy
Alterations to structural and functional brain networks have been reported across many neurological conditions. However, the relationship between structure and function -- their coupling -- is relatively unexplored, particularly in the context of an intervention. Epilepsy surgery alters the brain structure and networks to control the functional abnormality of seizures. Given that surgery is a structural modification aiming to alter the function, we hypothesized that stronger structure-function coupling preoperatively is associated with a greater chance of post-operative seizure control. We con…
Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Real-time Intracranial EEG Monitoring to Automate Interictal Identification of Seizure Onset Zones in Focal Epilepsy
University of Illinois（伊利诺伊大学）；Mayo Clinic（梅奥诊所）；Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics（捷克信息学、机器人学与控制论研究所）；Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克理工大学）
Localising the Seizure Onset Zone from Single-Pulse Electrical Stimulation Responses with a CNN Transformer
UCL Institute of Health Informatics（伦敦大学学院健康信息学研究所）；Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging（惠康人类神经影像学中心）；UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology（伦敦大学学院皇后广场神经病学研究所）；Great Ormond Street Hospital（大奥蒙德街医院）；UCL Institute of Child Health（伦敦大学学院儿童健康研究所）；UMC Utrecht Brain Center（乌得勒支大学医学中心脑中心）；University Medical Center Utrecht（乌得勒支大学医学中心）；Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)（荷兰癫痫机构基金会）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust（国王学院医院国民保健服务基金会）
Arbor-TVB: A Novel Multi-Scale Co-Simulation Framework with a Case Study on Neural-Level Seizure Generation and Whole-Brain Propagation
Simulation and Data Lab Neuroscience, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH（朱利希研究中心）；ETIS Lab, ENSEA, CNRS, UMR8051, CY Cergy-Paris University（CY塞吉巴黎大学）；Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick（华威大学）
Principle components analysis for seizures prediction using wavelet transform
Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology（沙希德·祖尔菲卡尔·阿里·布托科学技术学院）；FAST National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences（FAST国家计算机与新兴科学大学）
Post-ischaemic treatment with the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide reduces blood-brain barrier disruption and leukocyte infiltration following transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats
