21世纪计算机体系结构
21st Century Computer Architecture
摘要：
由于大多数技术和计算机体系结构创新（有意）对高层不可见，因此应用程序和其他软件开发人员可以在不参与其中的情况下获得这一进步的好处。虚拟助理，计算机视觉），并通过实现更高级的编程抽象（例如，脚本语言和可重用组件）。计算机系统成本效益的改进使该领域的创始人无法想象的价值创造成为可能（例如，分布式web搜索足够便宜，以便被广告链接覆盖）。计算机性能增长的广泛好处是显而易见的。最近，Danowitz等人在技术和架构之间分配了计算机性能增长，自1985年以来，架构被认为提高了约80倍。随着半导体技术接近其“终点”（见下文），计算机体系结构将需要在实现未来ICT创新方面发挥越来越大的作用。但是，与其问，“我如何才能让我的芯片运行得更快？架构师现在必须问，“我如何才能使21世纪的基础设施，从传感器到云，增加从性能到隐私的价值，但没有近乎完美的技术扩展的好处？".挑战很多，但只要有适当的投资，机会就会很多。这些机会背后有一个共同的主题，即未来的架构创新将需要其他ICT层创新者的参与和投资。
英文摘要：
Because most technology and computer architecture innovations were (intentionally) invisible to higher layers, application and other software developers could reap the benefits of this progress without engaging in it. Higher performance has both made more computationally demanding applications feasible (e.g., virtual assistants, computer vision) and made less demanding applications easier to develop by enabling higher-level programming abstractions (e.g., scripting languages and reusable components). Improvements in computer system cost-effectiveness enabled value creation that could never have been imagined by the field's founders (e.g., distributed web search sufficiently inexpensive so as to be covered by advertising links). The wide benefits of computer performance growth are clear. Recently, Danowitz et al. apportioned computer performance growth roughly equally between technology and architecture, with architecture credited with ~80x improvement since 1985. As semiconductor technology approaches its "end-of-the-road" (see below), computer architecture will need to play an increasing role in enabling future ICT innovation. But instead of asking, "How can I make my chip run faster?," architects must now ask, "How can I enable the 21st century infrastructure, from sensors to clouds, adding value from performance to privacy, but without the benefit of near-perfect technology scaling?". The challenges are many, but with appropriate investment, opportunities abound. Underlying these opportunities is a common theme that future architecture innovations will require the engagement of and investments from innovators in other ICT layers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
