量子体有效引力质量与能量等价性的破裂
Breakdown of the equivalence between active gravitational mass and energy for a quantum body
摘要：
我们确定最简单的复合量子体-氢原子-内的半经典方法的引力场的爱因斯坦方程的积极引力质量运营商。我们证明了对于定态量子态，质量的期望值与能量是等价的。另一方面，对于能量期望值为常数的定态量子叠加，引力质量的期望值表现出依赖于时间的振荡。这打破了主动引力质量和能量之间的等价性，并且可以作为原子的相干量子态的宏观系综的宏观效应来观察。相应的实验可能是广义相对论中量子效应的第一次直接观察。
英文摘要：
We determine active gravitational mass operator of the simplest composite quantum body - a hydrogen atom - within the semiclassical approach to the Einstein equation for a gravitational field. We show that the expectation value of the mass is equivalent to energy for stationary quantum states. On the other hand, it occurs that, for quantum superpositions of stationary states with constant expectation values of energy, the expectation values of the gravitational mass exhibit time-dependent oscillations. This breaks the equivalence between active gravitational mass and energy and can be observed as a macroscopic effect for a macroscopic ensemble of coherent quantum states of the atoms. The corresponding experiment could be the first direct observation of quantum effects in General Relativity.
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