SIOUX项目：用于系外行星大气研究的同时多波段照相机
SIOUX project: a simultaneous multiband camera for exoplanet atmospheres studies
摘要：
系外行星革命正在顺利进行。在过去的十年里，太阳系以外的已知行星数量增加了一个数量级。对系外行星大气层的详细描述提供了区分其外层组成的最佳手段，也是了解初始成分化学、温度-压力大气剖面、动力学和环流之间相互作用的唯一希望。虽然在观测方面的开创性工作已经产生了对凌日系外行星类的大气分子的第一次重要探测，但由于缺乏在可见光（VIS）和近红外（NIR）波长处使用优化仪器进行系统的重复测量，仍然存在重要的限制。因此，从数量上探讨可能的改进途径至关重要。在本文中，我们报告了一个多功能的多波段成像系统的原型的可行性研究的初步结果，非常高精度的差分测光，利用选择专门选择的窄带滤波器和新的想法，同时执行VIS和NIR测量。从当前科学案例驱动的基本系统要求出发，我们描述了一组用于仪器原型的三种光机械解决方案：1）使用用于波长分离的二向色滤波器和用于观察的窄带滤波器或液晶滤波器的光通量的径向分布; 2）光通量的树形分布（意味着2个单独的焦点），使用用于光束分离和滤波的相同技术; 3）一种奇特的解决方案，包括研究一个完整的光学系统（即一个全新的望远镜），该系统利用反射表面的色差，将不同的波长引导到不同的焦点。
英文摘要：
The exoplanet revolution is well underway. The last decade has seen order-of-magnitude increases in the number of known planets beyond the Solar system. Detailed characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres provide the best means for distinguishing the makeup of their outer layers, and the only hope for understanding the interplay between initial composition chemistry, temperature-pressure atmospheric profiles, dynamics and circulation. While pioneering work on the observational side has produced the first important detections of atmospheric molecules for the class of transiting exoplanets, important limitations are still present due to the lack of sys- tematic, repeated measurements with optimized instrumentation at both visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. It is thus of fundamental importance to explore quantitatively possible avenues for improvements. In this paper we report initial results of a feasibility study for the prototype of a versatile multi-band imaging system for very high-precision differential photometry that exploits the choice of specifically selected narrow-band filters and novel ideas for the execution of simultaneous VIS and NIR measurements. Starting from the fundamental system requirements driven by the science case at hand, we describe a set of three opto-mechanical solutions for the instrument prototype: 1) a radial distribution of the optical flux using dichroic filters for the wavelength separation and narrow-band filters or liquid crystal filters for the observations; 2) a tree distribution of the optical flux (implying 2 separate foci), with the same technique used for the beam separation and filtering; 3) an exotic solution consisting of the study of a complete optical system (i.e. a brand new telescope) that exploits the chromatic errors of a reflecting surface for directing the different wavelengths at different foci.
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