Mpc尺度下类星体偏振轴排列的观测与宇宙弦的证据
Evidence of Cosmic Strings by the Observation of the Alignment of Quasar Polarization Axes on Mpc scale
摘要：
在广义相对论的情况下，我们发现了一个紧急的方位角依赖的Nielsen-Olesen涡在大统一尺度的对称性破缺后。利用高频微扰方法，我们在一阶和二阶微扰方程中得到了Higgs场相变后的$φ$依赖项。具有高多重数的涡旋衰变为具有纠缠Abrikosov涡旋的晶格。这种具有优先方位角的关联通量$n=1$涡旋晶格的稳定性是由体时空通过翘曲因子的贡献来保证的：宇宙弦在演化过程中的一段时间内变得超大质量，并引发涡旋的高多重性激发。在通过翘曲因子进行扩展的过程中，相关性不会消失。我们用这种方位角相关性来解释最近观察到的大型类星体群中类星体偏振轴的排列。这种对齐的详细行为可以用我们的模型来解释。在我们的模型中，在丰度较低的类星体群中相互垂直的两个不同方向可能是二阶效应。在规范希格斯场的这种相变和自引力宇宙弦的轴对称性的暂时破缺之间，存在着惊人的相似之处，即非对角能量-动量张量分量的出现。椭球的偏心率可以看作是序参量。恢复到SO（2）对称性会导致引力辐射和电磁辐射的发射。为了检验我们模型中预测的二阶效应，还需要更多的高红移类星体的数据。
英文摘要：
We find a emergent azimuthal-angle dependency of the Nielsen-Olesen vortices in the general relativistic situation just after the symmetry breaking at GUT-scale. Using a high-frequency perturbation method, we obtain in the first and second order perturbation equations $φ$-dependent terms left over after the phase transition of the Higgs field. Vortices with high multiplicity decay into a lattice with entangled Abrikosov vortices. The stability of this lattice of correlated flux $n=1$ vortices with preferred azimuthal-angle is guaranteed by the contribution from the bulk spacetime by means of the warp factor: the cosmic string becomes super-massive for some time during the evolution and initiates the excitations of the vortices to high multiplicity. The correlation will not fade away during the expansion by the warp factor. We used this azimuthal-angle correlation for the explanation of the recently observed alignment of polarization axes of quasars in large quasar groups. The detailed behavior of this alignment can be explained with our model. The two different orientations perpendicular to each other in quasars groups of less richness could be a second order effect in our model. There is a striking similarity between this phase transition of the gauged Higgs field and the temporarily breaking of the axially symmetry of self-gravitating cosmic string, by the appearance of non-diagonal energy-momentum tensor components. The eccentricity of the ellipsoid can be seen as order parameter. Recovery to SO(2) symmetry induces emission of gravitational and electro-magnetic radiation. More data of high-redshift quasars will be needed in order to test the second order effect predicted in our model.
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