具有纳米力学模式的有限时间Stückelberg干涉测量
Finite time Stückelberg interferometry with nanomechanical modes
摘要：
Stückelberg干涉法描述了两个强耦合模在通过避免的能级交叉的双通道期间的干涉。在这项工作中，我们实验研究有限时间效应的Stückelberg干涉，并提供一个精确的解析解的Stückelberg问题。在不同的限制近似这个解决方案揭示了未知的参数制度的Stückelberg干涉。在实验上，我们研究这些制度，使用一个纯粹的经典，强耦合的纳米力学高品质因数的双模系统。经典的双模系统由高应力氮化硅弦谐振器的面内和面外基本弯曲模式组成，通过电梯度场耦合。介电控制和微波腔增强的纳米机电系统的通用转导允许实验访问所有理论上预测的Stückelberg参数制度。我们利用我们的实验和理论研究结果，通过研究依赖于特征系统控制参数的Stückelberg干扰的发作，并获得两种模式之间的特征激励振荡，即使没有明确的需要穿越避免交叉。所提出的理论不仅限于经典的力学双模系统，而且可以应用于每一个强耦合（量子）二能级系统，例如自旋1/2系统或超导量子比特。
英文摘要：
Stückelberg interferometry describes the interference of two strongly coupled modes during a double passage through an avoided energy level crossing. In this work, we experimentally investigate finite time effects in Stückelberg interference and provide an exact analytical solution of the Stückelberg problem. Approximating this solution in distinct limits reveals uncharted parameter regimes of Stückelberg interferometry. Experimentally, we study these regimes using a purely classical, strongly coupled nanomechanical two-mode system of high quality factor. The classical two-mode system consists of the in-plane and out-of-plane fundamental flexural mode of a high stress silicon nitride string resonator, coupled via electric gradient fields. The dielectric control and microwave cavity enhanced universal transduction of the nanoelectromechanical system allows for the experimental access to all theoretically predicted Stückelberg parameter regimes. We exploit our experimental and theoretical findings by studying the onset of Stückelberg interference in dependence of the characteristic system control parameters and obtain characteristic excitation oscillations between the two modes even without the explicit need of traversing the avoided crossing. The presented theory is not limited to classical mechanical two-mode systems but can be applied to every strongly coupled (quantum) two-level system, for example a spin-1/2 system or superconducting qubit.
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