arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1609.04894cond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.optics
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过渡金属铌酸盐Weyl半金属的巨各向异性非线性光学响应

Giant anisotropic nonlinear optical response in transition metal monopnictide Weyl semimetals

Liang Wu, S. Patankar, T. Morimoto, N. L. Nair, E. Thewalt, A. Little, J. G. Analytis, J. E. Moore, J. Orenstein

摘要:

尽管外尔费米子在高能物理学中被证明是难以捉摸的,但人们已经预测它们作为涌现准粒子存在于某些晶体固体中,其中反演或时间反演对称性被破坏\cite{WanPRB2011,BurkovPRL2011, WengPRX2015,HuangNatComm2015}。最近,在过渡金属铌酸盐(TMMP)如TaAs中观察到它们,TaAs是一类非中心对称材料,迄今为止仅受到有限的关注\cite{XuScience2015, LvPRX2015, YangNatPhys2015}。现在出现的问题是,这些材料是否会表现出新颖的,增强的或技术上适用的电子特性。TMMP是极性金属,是一种罕见的反转破坏晶体的子集,如果它没有被传导电子\cite{anderson1965symmetry,shi2013ferroelectric,kim2016polar}屏蔽,它将允许自发极化。尽管不存在自发极化,极性金属可以表现出反转对称性破缺的其他特征,最显著的是二阶非线性光学极化率,$χ^{(2)}$,导致光学整流和二次谐波产生(SHG)等现象。在这里,我们报告的测量显示一个巨大的,各向异性的$χ^{(2)}$的TMMPs的钽砷,钽和铌砷的SHG。在基波和二次谐波场平行于极轴的情况下,$χ^{(2)}$的值比原型电光材料GaAs \cite{bergfeld2003second}和ZnTe \cite{wagner1998dispersion}中的值大几乎一个数量级,实际上比迄今为止报道的任何晶体都大。

英文摘要:

Although Weyl fermions have proven elusive in high-energy physics, their existence as emergent quasiparticles has been predicted in certain crystalline solids in which either inversion or time-reversal symmetry is broken\cite{WanPRB2011,BurkovPRL2011, WengPRX2015,HuangNatComm2015}. Recently they have been observed in transition metal monopnictides (TMMPs) such as TaAs, a class of noncentrosymmetric materials that heretofore received only limited attention \cite{XuScience2015, LvPRX2015, YangNatPhys2015}. The question that arises now is whether these materials will exhibit novel, enhanced, or technologically applicable electronic properties. The TMMPs are polar metals, a rare subset of inversion-breaking crystals that would allow spontaneous polarization, were it not screened by conduction electrons \cite{anderson1965symmetry,shi2013ferroelectric,kim2016polar}. Despite the absence of spontaneous polarization, polar metals can exhibit other signatures of inversion-symmetry breaking, most notably second-order nonlinear optical polarizability, $χ^{(2)}$, leading to phenomena such as optical rectification and second-harmonic generation (SHG). Here we report measurements of SHG that reveal a giant, anisotropic $χ^{(2)}$ in the TMMPs TaAs, TaP, and NbAs. With the fundamental and second harmonic fields oriented parallel to the polar axis, the value of $χ^{(2)}$ is larger by almost one order of magnitude than its value in the archetypal electro-optic materials GaAs \cite{bergfeld2003second} and ZnTe \cite{wagner1998dispersion}, and in fact larger than reported in any crystal to date.

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