正交于复合玻色子Fock态阶梯的态的统计特征
Statistical signatures of states orthogonal to the Fock-state ladder of composite bosons
摘要：
由两个费米子构成的复合玻色子（cobosons）的理论[Phys.Rev.A71，034306（2005），Phys.Rev.Lett.2005]。109，260403（2012）]在费米子成分之间的无限强纠缠的极限下收敛到普通的无结构玻色子。对于有限纠缠，复合玻色子的湮灭算符$\hat c$不仅将$N$ -coboson Fock态耦合到$(N-1)$ -coboson态--就像普通玻色子一样--而且耦合到与coboson的Fock态阶梯正交的分量。与Fock阶梯正交的状态耦合也出现在cobosons的动力学过程中。在这里，Gedanken实验涉及模式分裂和集体Hong-Ou-Mandel类干涉，我们推导出分裂过程中产生的Fock阶梯正交的状态的特征物理签名。这允许从集体coboson行为中提取多费米子波函数的微观性质。我们表明，连续的分束器动力学增加了与理想玻色子行为模式的偏差，这为科波色子理论的证伪开辟了严格的方法。
英文摘要：
The theory of composite bosons (cobosons) made of two fermions [Phys. Rev. A 71, 034306 (2005), Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 260403 (2012)] converges to ordinary structureless bosons in the limit of infinitely strong entanglement between the fermionic constituents. For finite entanglement, the annihilation operator $\hat c$ of a composite boson couples the $N$-coboson Fock-state not only to the $(N-1)$-coboson state -- as for ordinary bosons --, but also to a component which is orthogonal to the Fock-state ladder of cobosons. Coupling with states orthogonal to the Fock ladder arises also in dynamical processes of cobosons. Here, with a Gedanken-experiment involving both mode-splitting and collective Hong-Ou-Mandel-like interference, we derive the characteristic physical signature of the states orthogonal to the Fock ladder generated in the splitting process. This allows to extract microscopic properties of many-fermion-wave functions from the collective coboson behavior. We show that consecutive beam-splitter dynamics increases the deviation from the ideal bosonic behavior pattern, which opens up a rigorous approach to the falsification of coboson theory.
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