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arXiv 1609.04501hep-lathep-th
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复费米子行列式引起的自发对称性破缺的复朗之万分析

The complex Langevin analysis of spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by complex fermion determinant

Yuta Ito, Jun Nishimura

摘要:

在许多有趣的物理系统中,由费米子积分出来的行列式变得复杂,它的相位在真空的确定中起着至关重要的作用。这方面的一个例子是在低温和高密度下的QCD,其中各种奇异的费米子凝聚被诱导形成。另一个例子是10维超弦理论的IIB型矩阵模型的欧几里德版本,其中SO(10)旋转对称性自发破缺下降到SO(4)。当一个应用复杂的朗之万方法对这些系统,一个遇到的奇异漂移问题与狄拉克算子的外观接近零的本征值。在这里,我们建议避免这个问题的变形与费米子双线性项的作用。原系统的结果是通过外推相对于变形参数。我们通过将其应用于一个简单的矩阵模型来证明这种方法的能力,在这个模型中,由于复费米子行列式的相位,预计会发生从SO(4)到SO(2)的自发对称性破缺。不同于以往的工作的基础上的重加权型方法,我们能够确定真正的真空通过计算的序参量,这与高斯展开方法的预测。

英文摘要:

In many interesting physical systems, the determinant which appears from integrating out fermions becomes complex, and its phase plays a crucial role in the determination of the vacuum. An example of this is QCD at low temperature and high density, where various exotic fermion condensates are conjectured to form. Another example is the Euclidean version of the type IIB matrix model for 10d superstring theory, where spontaneous breaking of the SO(10) rotational symmetry down to SO(4) is expected to occur. When one applies the complex Langevin method to these systems, one encounters the singular-drift problem associated with the appearance of nearly zero eigenvalues of the Dirac operator. Here we propose to avoid this problem by deforming the action with a fermion bilinear term. The results for the original system are obtained by extrapolations with respect to the deformation parameter. We demonstrate the power of this approach by applying it to a simple matrix model, in which spontaneous symmetry breaking from SO(4) to SO(2) is expected to occur due to the phase of the complex fermion determinant. Unlike previous work based on a reweighting-type method, we are able to determine the true vacuum by calculating the order parameters, which agree with the prediction by the Gaussian expansion method.

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