The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): Fifth Data Release
Andrea Kunder, Georges Kordopatis, Matthias Steinmetz, Tomaz Zwitter, Paul McMillan, Luca Casagrande, Harry Enke, Jennifer Wojno, Marica Valentini, Cristina Chi… 展开作者
Andrea Kunder, Georges Kordopatis, Matthias Steinmetz, Tomaz Zwitter, Paul McMillan, Luca Casagrande, Harry Enke, Jennifer Wojno, Marica Valentini, Cristina Chiappini, Gal Matijevic, Alessandro Siviero, Patrick de Laverny, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Albert Bijaoui, Rosemary F. G. Wyse, James Binney, E. K. Grebel, Amina Helmi, Paula Jofre, Teresa Antoja, Gerard Gilmore, Arnaud Siebert, Benoit Famaey, Olivier Bienayme, Brad K. Gibson, Kenneth C. Freeman, Julio F. Navarro, Ulisse Munari, George Seabroke, Borja Anguiano, Marusa Zerjal, Ivan Minchev, Warren Reid, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Janez Kos, Sanjib Sharma, Fred Watson, Quentin A. Parker, Ralf-Dieter Scholz, Donna Burton, Paul Cass, Malcolm Hartley, Kristin Fiegert, Milorad Stupar, Andreas Ritter, Keith Hawkins, Ortwin Gerhard, W. J. Chaplin, G. R. Davies, Y. P. Elsworth, M. N. Lund, A. Miglio, B. Mosser
Data Release 5 (DR5) of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is the fifth data release from a magnitude-limited (9< I < 12) survey of stars randomly selected in the southern hemisphere. The RAVE medium-resolution spectra ($R\sim7500$) covering the Ca-triplet region (8410-8795Å) span the complete time frame from the start of RAVE observations in 2003 to their completion in 2013. Radial velocities from 520,781 spectra of 457,588 unique stars are presented, of which 255,922 stellar observations have parallaxes and proper motions from the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution (TGAS) in Gaia DR1. For our main DR5 catalog, stellar parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, and overall metallicity) are computed using the RAVE DR4 stellar pipeline, but calibrated using recent K2 Campaign 1 seismic gravities and Gaia benchmark stars, as well as results obtained from high-resolution studies. Also included are temperatures from the Infrared Flux Method, and we provide a catalogue of red giant stars in the dereddened color $(J-Ks)_0$ interval (0.50,0.85) for which the gravities were calibrated based only on seismology. Further data products for sub-samples of the RAVE stars include individual abundances for Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Ni, and distances found using isochrones. Each RAVE spectrum is complemented by an error spectrum, which has been used to determine uncertainties on the parameters. The data can be accessed via the RAVE Web site or the Vizier database.
We present the stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, overall metallicity), radial velocities, individual abundances and distances determined for 425 561 stars, which constitute the fourth public data release of the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE). The stellar atmospheric parameters are computed using a new pipeline, based on the algorithms of MATISSE and DEGAS. The spectral degeneracies and the 2MASS photometric information are now better taken into consideration, improving the parameter determination compared to the previous RAVE data releases. The individu…
The new data release (DR5) of the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) includes radial velocities of 520,781 spectra of 457,588 individual stars, of which 215,590 individual stars are released in the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution (TGAS) in Gaia DR1. Therefore, RAVE contains the largest TGAS overlap of the recent and ongoing Milky Way spectroscopic surveys. Most of the RAVE stars also contain stellar parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, overall metallicity), as well as individual abundances for Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Ni. Combining RAVE with TGAS brings the uncertainties in sp…
We present part 2 of the 6th and final Data Release (DR6 or FDR) of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE), a magnitude-limited (9<I<12) spectroscopic survey of Galactic stars randomly selected in the southern hemisphere. The RAVE medium-resolution spectra (R~7500) cover the Ca-triplet region (8410-8795A) and span the complete time frame from the start of RAVE observations on 12 April 2003 to their completion on 4 April 2013. In the second of two publications, we present the data products derived from 518387 observations of 451783 unique stars using a suite of advanced reduction pipelines focus…
The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is a magnitude-limited (9<I<12) spectroscopic survey of Galactic stars randomly selected in the southern hemisphere. The RAVE medium-resolution spectra (R~7500) cover the Ca-triplet region (8410-8795A). The 6th and final data release (DR6 or FDR) is based on 518387 observations of 451783 unique stars. RAVE observations were taken between 12 April 2003 and 4 April 2013. Here we present the genesis, setup and data reduction of RAVE as well as wavelength-calibrated and flux-normalized spectra and error spectra for all observations in RAVE DR6. Furthermore, we…
Here, we report comparative study of radial velocity ($\rm RV$) data of two major surveys: Gaia Data Release 2 and RAVE Data Release 5. We restricted the sample to stars with relatively accurate radial velocities ($σ_{\rm RV_{Gaia}} \leq$ 2 km s$^{-1}$ or $\leq$ 2%, and $σ_{\rm RV_{RAVE}}\leq$ 2 km s$^{-1}$ or $\leq$ 2%). The difference between $\rm RV_{Gaia}$ and $\rm RV_{RAVE}$ for a majority of the sample follows normal distribution with mean = 0.28 km s$^{-1}$ and $σ$ = 1.49 km s$^{-1}$. However, we found a very small group of stars ($\approx 0.08\%$ of the total) for which the difference …
We present a set of 87 RAVE stars with detected solar like oscillations, observed during Campaign 1 of the K2 mission (RAVE K2-C1 sample). This dataset provides a useful benchmark for testing the gravities provided in RAVE Data Release 4 (DR4), and is key for the calibration of the RAVE Data Release 5 (DR5). In the present work, we use two different pipelines, GAUFRE (Valentini et al. 2013) and Sp_Ace (Boeche & Grebel 2016), to determine atmospheric parameters and abundances by fixing log(g) to the seismic one. Our strategy ensures highly consistent values among all stellar parameters, leading…
The orbits, atmospheric parameters, chemical abundances, and ages of individual stars in the Milky Way provide the most comprehensive illustration of galaxy formation available. The Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) will deliver astrometric parameters for the largest ever sample of Milky Way stars, though its full potential cannot be realized without the addition of complementary spectroscopy. Among existing spectroscopic surveys, the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) has the largest overlap with TGAS ($\gtrsim$200,000 stars). We present a data-driven re-analysis of 520,781 RAVE spectra u…
The Data Release 1 of the Radial-Velocity Experiment (RAVE DR1, 24 748 stars) is compared with the May 15, 2006 version of the Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities (PCRV, 35 495 stars). RAVE DR1 includes mostly $9^m-13^m$ stars, while the PCRV contains brighter stars. Analysis of the "RAVE minus PCRV" radial-velocity differences for 14 common stars has revealed no systematic dependences on any factors, except the effect due to the RAVE radial-velocity zero-point offset known from the RAVE observations. This effect shows up for ten of these stars observed on a single night as a sine wave wi…
We provide APASS photometry in the Landolt BV and Sloan g'r'i' bands for all the 425,743 stars included in the latest 4th RAVE Data Release. The internal accuracy of the APASS photometry of RAVE stars, expressed as error of the mean of data obtained and separately calibrated over a median of 4 distinct observing epochs and distributed between 2009 and 2013, is 0.013, 0.012, 0.012, 0.014 and 0.021 mag for B, V, g', r' and i' band, respectively. The equally high external accuracy of APASS photometry has been verified on secondary Landolt and Sloan photometric standard stars not involved in the A…
We aim to characterize high-velocity (HiVel) stars in the solar vicinity both chemically and kinematically using the fourth data release of the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE). We used a sample of 57 HiVel stars with Galactic rest-frame velocities larger than 275 km s$^{-1}$. With 6D position and velocity information, we integrated the orbits of the HiVel stars and found that, on average, they reach out to 13 kpc from the Galactic plane and have relatively eccentric orbits consistent with the Galactic halo. Using the stellar parameters and [$α$/Fe] estimates from RAVE, we found the metallici…
We present results from a medium-resolution (R ~ 2, 000) spectroscopic follow-up campaign of 1,694 bright (V < 13.5), very metal-poor star candidates from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE). Initial selection of the low-metallicity targets was based on the stellar parameters published in RAVE Data Releases 4 and 5. Follow-up was accomplished with the Gemini-N and Gemini-S, the ESO/NTT, the KPNO/Mayall, and the SOAR telescopes. The wavelength coverage for most of the observed spectra allows for the determination of carbon and α-element abundances, which are crucial for con- sidering the natu…
The origin of the Hercules stream, the most prominent velocity substructure in the Solar neighbour disc stars, is still under debate. Recent accurate measurements of position, velocity, and metallicity provided by Tycho Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) and RAdial Velocity Experiments (RAVE) have revealed that the Hercules stream is most clearly seen in the metal-rich region ([Fe/H] > 0), while it is not clearly seen in lower metallicity region ([Fe/H] < -0.25). By using a large number of chemo-dynamical 2D test-particle simulations with a rotating bar and/or spiral arms, we find that the obser…
We present a novel analysis of the metal-poor star sample in the complete Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) Data Release 5 catalog with the goal of identifying and characterizing all very metal-poor stars observed by the survey. Using a three-stage method, we first identified the candidate stars using only their spectra as input information. We employed an algorithm called t-SNE to construct a low-dimensional projection of the spectrum space and isolate the region containing metal-poor stars. Following this step, we measured the equivalent widths of the near-infrared CaII triplet lines with a …
The combination of the final version of the RAVE spectroscopic survey data release 6 with radial velocities and astrometry from Gaia DR2 allows us to identify and create a catalog of single lined binary star candidates (SB1), their inferred orbital parameters, and to inspect possible double lined binary stars (SB2). A probability function for the detection of radial velocity (RV) variations is used for identifying SB1 candidates. The estimation of orbital parameters for main sequence dwarfs is performed by matching the measured RVs with theoretical velocity curves sampling the orbital paramete…
The RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is a spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way. We use the subsample of spectra with spectroscopically determined values of stellar parameters to determine the distances to these stars. The list currently contains 235,064 high quality spectra which show no peculiarities and belong to 210,872 different stars. The numbers will grow as the RAVE survey progresses. The public version of the catalog will be made available through the CDS services along with the ongoing RAVE public data releases. The distances are determined with a method based on the work by Breddel…
A star enshrouded in a Dyson sphere with high covering fraction may manifest itself as an optically subluminous object with a spectrophotometric distance estimate significantly in excess of its parallax distance. Using this criterion, the Gaia mission will in coming years allow for Dyson-sphere searches that are complementary to searches based on waste-heat signatures at infrared wavelengths. A limited search of this type is also possible at the current time, by combining Gaia parallax distances with spectrophotometric distances from ground-based surveys. Here, we discuss the merits and shortc…
RAVE, the unbiased magnitude limited survey of the southern sky stars, contained 456,676 medium-resolution spectra at the time of our analysis. Spectra cover the CaII IRT range which is a known indicator of chromospheric activity. Our previous work (Matijevič et al. 2012) classified all spectra using locally linear embedding. It identified 53,347 cases with a suggested emission component in calcium lines. Here we use a spectral subtraction technique to measure the properties of this emission. Synthetic templates are replaced by the observed spectra of non-active stars to bypass the difficult c…
To study the quality of stellar spectra of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and the correctness of the corresponding stellar parameters derived by the LASP (LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline), the outlier analysis method is applied to the archived AFGK stars in the fifth data release (DR5) of LAMOST. The outlier factor is defined in order to sort more than 3 million stellar spectra selected from the DR5 Stellar Parameter catalog. We propose an improved Local Outlier Factor (LOF) method based on Principal Component Analysis and Monte Carlo to enable the com…
From our recent catalog based on the first Gaia data release (TGAS), we select wide binaries in which both stars have been observed by the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) or the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). Using RAVE and LAMOST metallicities and RAVE Mg, Al, Si, Ti, and Fe abundances, we find that the differences in the metallicities and elemental abundances of components of wide binaries are consistent with being due to observational uncertainties, in agreement with previous results for smaller and more restricted samples. The metallicity and elementa…
For studies of Galactic evolution, the accurate characterization of stars in terms of their evolutionary stage and population membership is of fundamental importance. A standard approach relies on extracting this information from stellar evolution models but requires the effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity of a star obtained by independent means. In previous work, we determined accurate effective temperatures and non-LTE logg and [Fe/H] (NLTE-Opt) for a large sample of metal-poor stars, -3<[Fe/H]<-0.5, selected from the RAVE survey. As a continuation of that work, we derive…
We present a catalogue of distances, masses and ages for $\sim3$ million stars in the second Gaia data release with spectroscopic parameters available from the large spectroscopic surveys: APOGEE, Gaia-ESO, GALAH, LAMOST, RAVE and SEGUE. We use a Bayesian framework to characterise the probability density functions of distance, mass and age using photometric, spectroscopic and astrometric information, supplemented with spectroscopic masses where available for giant stars. Furthermore, we provide posterior extinction estimates ($A_V$) to every star using published extinction maps as a prior inpu…
A study of cluster characteristics and internal kinematical structure of the middle-aged Pleiades open star cluster is presented. The individual star apexes and various cluster kinematical parameters including the velocity ellipsoid parameters are determined using both Hipparcos and Gaia data. Modern astrometric parameters were taken from the Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) in combination with the Radial Velocity Experiment Fifth Data Release (DR5). The necessary set of parameters including parallaxes, proper motions and radial velocities are used for n=17 stars from Gaia DR1+RAVE DR5 and for n=19 s…
We devise a new method for the detection of double-lined binary stars in a sample of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) survey spectra. The method is both tested against extensive simulations based on synthetic spectra, and compared to direct visual inspection of all RAVE spectra. It is based on the properties and shape of the cross-correlation function, and is able to recover ~80% of all binaries with an orbital period of order 1 day. Systems with periods up to 1 year are still within the detection reach. We have applied the method to 25,850 spectra of the RAVE second data release and foun…
Context. Although the Gaia catalogue on its own is a very powerful tool, it is the combination of this high-accuracy archive with other archives that will truly open up amazing possibilities for astronomical research. The advanced interoperation of archives is based on cross-matching, leaving the user with the feeling of working with one single data archive. The data retrieval should work not only across data archives but also across wavelength domains. The first step for a seamless access to the data is the computation of the cross-match between Gaia and external surveys. Aims. We describe th…
This paper presents the detailed abundances and r-process classifications of 126 newly identified metal-poor stars as part of an ongoing collaboration, the R-Process Alliance. The stars were identified as metal-poor candidates from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) and were followed-up at high spectral resolution (R~31,500) with the 3.5~m telescope at Apache Point Observatory. The atmospheric parameters were determined spectroscopically from Fe I lines, taking into account <3D> non-LTE corrections and using differential abundances with respect to a set of standards. Of the 126 new stars, 1…
Using the recently published Gaia second data release which includes measurements of the mean radial velocity of about 7.2 million stars, we performed a systematic comparison with other existing radial velocity catalogues in order to search for variations in the radial velocity measurements, with the goal that detected differences may indicate that these stars are possibly spectroscopic binaries stars with only one visible component (SB1). We present a spectroscopic binary candidate stars catalogue containing 35,246 stars, compiled to encourage follow-up observations obtaining spectra at diffe…
The Gaia-ESO survey (GES) is now in its fifth and last year of observations, and has already produced tens of thousands of high-quality spectra of stars in all Milky Way components. This paper presents the strategy behind the selection of astrophysical calibration targets, ensuring that all GES results on radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and chemical abundance ratios will be both internally consistent and easily comparable with other literature results, especially from other large spectroscopic surveys and from Gaia. The calibration of GES is particularly delicate because of: (i) the…
We present bolometric fluxes and angular diameters for over 1.6 million stars in the {\it Tycho-2} catalog, determined using previously-determined empirical color-temperature and color-flux relations. We vet these relations via full fits to the full broadband spectral energy distributions for a subset of benchmark stars, and perform quality checks against the large set of stars for which spectroscopically-determined parameters are available from LAMOST, RAVE, and/or APOGEE. We then estimate radii for the 355,502 {\it Tycho-2} stars in our sample whose \emph{Gaia} DR1 parallaxes are precise to …
Gaia DR2 provides a unique all-sky catalogue of 550'737 variable stars, of which 151'761 are long-period variable (LPV) candidates with G variability amplitudes larger than 0.2 mag (5-95% quantile range). About one-fifth of the LPV candidates are Mira candidates, the majority of the rest are semi-regular variable candidates. For each source, G, BP , and RP photometric time-series are published, together with some LPV-specific attributes for the subset of 89'617 candidates with periods in G longer than 60 days. We describe this first Gaia catalogue of LPV candidates, and present various validat…
The fifth part of the OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars presents 23 R CrB (RCB) stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). 17 of these objects have been spectroscopically confirmed by previous studies, while 6 stars are new candidates for RCB variables. We publish the VI multi-epoch OGLE photometry for all objects. We use the sample of carbon-rich long-period variables released in the previous part of this catalog to select objects with severe drops in luminosity, i.e. with the DY-Per-like light curves. DY Per stars are often related to R CrB variables. We detect at least 600 candidates for D…
We present comprehensive catalogs of hot star candidates in the Milky Way, selected from GALEX far-UV (FUV, 1344-1786 AA) and near-UV (NUV, 1771-2831 AA) imaging. The FUV and NUV photometry allows us to extract the hottest stellar objects, in particular hot white dwarfs (WD), which are elusive at other wavelengths because of their high temperatures and faint optical luminosities. We generated catalogs of UV sources from two GALEX's surveys: AIS (All-Sky Imaging Survey, depth ABmag~19.9/20.8 in FUV/NUV) and MIS (Medium-depth Imaging Survey, depth ~22.6/22.7mag). The two catalogs (from GALEX fif…
