活性体系中的化学势：从体相状态方程预测相平衡？
Chemical potential in active systems: predicting phase equilibrium from bulk equations of state?
摘要：
我们推导出一个微观表达式的数量$μ$，起着作用的活性布朗粒子（ABPs）的化学势在一个稳定的状态下，在没有旋涡。我们发现，$μ$包括（i）一个固有的化学势类似于被动系统，这取决于密度和自推进速度，但不依赖于外部电位，（ii）外部电位，和（iii）一个新推导的单体游泳电位由于粒子的活动。我们对活性布朗粒子的模拟结果与Fokker-Planck的计算结果吻合得很好，并证实了对于平面几何中的几种非均匀活性流体，在其稳态下，$μ(z)$是空间常数.最后，我们表明，ABPs与平面界面的相共存，不仅满足机械，而且扩散平衡。的共存可以很好地描述，通过等同的体积化学势和体积压力从批量模拟系统具有低活性，但需要明确的评价界面的贡献在高活性。
英文摘要：
We derive a microscopic expression for a quantity $μ$ that plays the role of chemical potential of Active Brownian Particles (ABPs) in a steady state in the absence of vortices. We show that $μ$ consists of (i) an intrinsic chemical potential similar to passive systems, which depends on density and self-propulsion speed, but not on the external potential, (ii) the external potential, and (iii) a newly derived one-body swim potential due to the activity of the particles. Our simulations on active Brownian particles show good agreement with our Fokker-Planck calculations, and confirm that $μ(z)$ is spatially constant for several inhomogeneous active fluids in their steady states in a planar geometry. Finally, we show that phase coexistence of ABPs with a planar interface satisfies not only mechanical but also diffusive equilibrium. The coexistence can be well-described by equating the bulk chemical potential and bulk pressure obtained from bulk simulations for systems with low activity but requires explicit evaluation of the interfacial contributions at high activity.
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