小系统中的集体性和电磁辐射
Collectivity and electromagnetic radiation in small systems
摘要：
在大型强子对撞机（LHC）的高多重数质子+铅碰撞的强子测量中，以及相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）的（质子、氘核、氦-3）+金碰撞中，都观察到了集体行为。为了更好地理解这些小系统中产生的物质的演化动力学和性质，使用流体动力学框架对软强子可观测量以及来自这些碰撞的电磁辐射进行了系统的研究。定量的协议之间的理论计算和现有的实验强子观测。流体动力学描述的有效性估计通过计算努森和逆雷诺数。对于低$p_T$光子，预测了可观的热产额。提出了高阶带电强子各向异性流系数和热光子增强的进一步预测。
英文摘要：
Collective behaviour has been observed in hadronic measurements of high multiplicity proton+lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), as well as in (proton, deuteron, helium-3)+gold collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). To better understand the evolution dynamics and the properties of the matter created in these small systems, a systematic study of the soft hadronic observables together with electromagnetic radiation from these collisions is performed, using a hydrodynamic framework. Quantitative agreement is found between theoretical calculations and existing experimental hadronic observables. The validity of the fluid dynamical description is estimated by calculating Knudsen and inverse Reynolds numbers. Sizeable thermal yields are predicted for low $p_T$ photons. Further predictions of higher order charged hadron anisotropic flow coefficients and of thermal photon enhancement are proposed.
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