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arXiv 1609.01790q-bio.NC
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脑网络结构:对人类学习的启示

Brain Network Architecture: Implications for Human Learning

Marcelo G. Mattar, Danielle S. Bassett

摘要:

人类学习是一个复杂的现象,需要在一系列的时间和空间尺度的适应过程。虽然在过去的几年里,我们对这些过程在单一尺度上的理解呈指数级增长,但对整个现象的机械理解仍然难以捉摸。我们认为,由于缺乏一个量化的框架,可以解释整个范围的神经生理和行为动力学系统中的尺度,也跨越不同类型的学习的进展一直受到阻碍。我们认为,网络神经科学为迎接这一挑战提供了希望。建立在复杂系统科学和图论的数学领域,网络神经科学包含了人类学习的互联性和层次性,为适应性的涌现特性提供了见解。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了网络神经科学作为一种工具,建立一个定量的框架,在其中研究人类的学习,试图解释整个链的事件在大脑中从感觉输入到运动输出,既生物学上合理的,并能够作出预测如何在一个单一的水平链的干预可能会导致改变在另一个水平的链。最后,我们列出了网络神经科学在明确桥接神经生理过程发生的空间尺度方面仍然存在的重要挑战,并强调了这种定量框架在教育和治疗中的实用性。

英文摘要:

Human learning is a complex phenomenon that requires adaptive processes across a range of temporal and spacial scales. While our understanding of those processes at single scales has increased exponentially over the last few years, a mechanistic understanding of the entire phenomenon has remained elusive. We propose that progress has been stymied by the lack of a quantitative framework that can account for the full range of neurophysiological and behavioral dynamics both across scales in the systems and also across different types of learning. We posit that network neuroscience offers promise in meeting this challenge. Built on the mathematical fields of complex systems science and graph theory, network neuroscience embraces the interconnected and hierarchical nature of human learning, offering insights into the emergent properties of adaptability. In this review, we discuss the utility of network neuroscience as a tool to build a quantitative framework in which to study human learning, which seeks to explain the full chain of events in the brain from sensory input to motor output, being both biologically plausible and able to make predictions about how an intervention at a single level of the chain may cause alterations in another level of the chain. We close by laying out important remaining challenges in network neuroscience in explicitly bridging spatial scales at which neurophysiological processes occur, and underscore the utility of such a quantitative framework for education and therapy.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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