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arXiv 1609.01722astro-ph.HEphysics.plasm-ph
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相对论重联在Blazar喷流中的应用

Applying Relativistic Reconnection to Blazar Jets

Krzysztof Nalewajko

摘要:

在耀变体中观测到的快速而明亮的非热辐射耀斑需要相对论活动星系核喷流中有效的能量耗散和粒子加速机制。相对论性磁重联中的粒子加速问题正受到动力学数值模拟的积极研究。相对论重联产生硬幂律电子能量分布N(gamma)= N_0 gamma^(-p)exp(-gamma/gamma_max),指数p -> 1,在磁化极限σ = B^2/(4 pi w)>> 1(其中w是相对论焓密度)下,指数截止洛伦兹因子gamma_max ~ sigma。电子-质子等离子体中的重联可以通过质量比m_p/m_e额外地提高γ_max。因此,在BL Lac的情况下,为了将粒子加速到γ_max ~ 10^6,重联应该在非常高的磁化强度σ_max >~ 10^3的等离子体中进行。另一方面,相对论喷流的磁体加速需要中等平均喷流磁化值,σ_mean ~ Gamma_j <~ 20(其中Gamma_j是喷流体洛伦兹因子)。我建议的系统依赖的gamma_max的blazar光度类-blazar序列-可能会导致系统的趋势sigma_max由于均匀加载的轻子对创造调节的能量密度的高能量外部辐射场。与此同时,相对论活动星系核喷流由于质子的附加负载而应该是高度不均匀的,这应该大致独立于blazar类来确定sigma_mean的值。

英文摘要:

Rapid and luminous flares of non-thermal radiation observed in blazars require an efficient mechanism of energy dissipation and particle acceleration in relativistic active galactic nuclei (AGN) jets. Particle acceleration in relativistic magnetic reconnection is being actively studied by kinetic numerical simulations. Relativistic reconnection produces hard power-law electron energy distributions N(gamma) = N_0 gamma^(-p) exp(-gamma/gamma_max) with index p -> 1 and exponential cut-off Lorentz factor gamma_max ~ sigma in the limit of magnetization sigma = B^2/(4 pi w) >> 1 (where w is the relativistic enthalpy density). Reconnection in electron-proton plasma can additionally boost gamma_max by the mass ratio m_p/m_e. Hence, in order to accelerate particles to gamma_max ~ 10^6 in the case of BL Lacs, reconnection should proceed in plasma of very high magnetization sigma_max >~ 10^3. On the other hand, moderate mean jet magnetization values are required for magnetic bulk acceleration of relativistic jets, sigma_mean ~ Gamma_j <~ 20 (where Gamma_j is the jet bulk Lorentz factor). I propose that the systematic dependence of gamma_max on blazar luminosity class -- the blazar sequence -- may result from a systematic trend in sigma_max due to homogeneous loading of leptons by pair creation regulated by the energy density of high-energy external radiation fields. At the same time, relativistic AGN jets should be highly inhomogeneous due to filamentary loading of protons, which should determine the value of sigma_mean roughly independently of the blazar class.

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