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arXiv 1609.01545math-phmath.MP
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从Pauli-Fierz哈密顿量导出Maxwell-薛定谔方程

Derivation of the Maxwell-Schrödinger Equations from the Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian

Nikolai Leopold, Peter Pickl

摘要:

我们考虑无自旋的Pauli-Fierz哈密顿量,它描述了一个非相对论性的全同粒子与量子化电磁场耦合的量子系统。我们研究了在平均场极限下的时间演化,其中带电粒子的数目$N$变大,而与辐射场的耦合被$1/\sqrt{N}$重新标度。在零时刻,我们假设几乎所有带电粒子都处于同一个单体态(一个玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体),我们还假设光子接近相干态。我们表明,在稍后的时间和在极限$N \rightarrow \infty$的带电粒子以及光子表现出凝聚,与麦克斯韦-薛定谔系统,该模型的非相对论性粒子的经典电磁场的耦合近似描述的时间演化。我们的结果是由“计数方法”,介绍了由Pickl,带电粒子的凝聚体与它们的辐射场相互作用的扩展。

英文摘要:

We consider the spinless Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian which describes a quantum system of non-relativistic identical particles coupled to the quantized electromagnetic field. We study the time evolution in a mean-field limit where the number $N$ of charged particles gets large while the coupling to the radiation field is rescaled by $1/\sqrt{N}$. At time zero we assume that almost all charged particles are in the same one-body state (a Bose-Einstein condensate) and we assume also the photons to be close to a coherent state. We show that at later times and in the limit $N \rightarrow \infty$ the charged particles as well as the photons exhibit condensation, with the time evolution approximately described by the Maxwell-Schrödinger system, which models the coupling of a non-relativistic particle to the classical electromagnetic field. Our result is obtained by an extension of the "method of counting", introduced by Pickl, to condensates of charged particles in interaction with their radiation field.

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