神经丝作为减震器的功能：由无序蛋白引起的压缩反应
Neurofilaments function as shock absorbers: compression response arising from disordered proteins
摘要：
在细胞的骨架结构中使用无序而不是折叠的蛋白质，细胞能得到什么？无序的蛋白质具有多种共存的构象，并且通常包含充当随机行走形状的聚合物的片段。使用X射线散射，我们测量的无序蛋白质水凝胶，这是神经元细胞的主要应力响应组件的压缩响应。我们发现，在高压缩，他们的机制是由气体一样的空间位阻和离子排斥。在低压缩下，特定的吸引相互作用占主导地位。这是证明了相当大的水凝胶膨胀所引起的关键短蛋白质片段的截断。因此，松软无序的蛋白质形成弱交联的水凝胶，并充当减震器，其维持大的变形而不失效。
英文摘要：
What can cells gain by using disordered, rather than folded, proteins in the architecture of their skeleton? Disordered proteins take multiple co-existing conformations, and often contain segments which act as random-walk-shaped polymers. Using X-ray scattering we measure the compression response of disordered protein hydrogels, which are the main stress-responsive component of neuron cells. We find that at high compression their mechanics are dominated by gas-like steric and ionic repulsions. At low compression, specific attractive interactions dominate. This is demonstrated by the considerable hydrogel expansion induced by the truncation of critical short protein segments. Accordingly, the floppy disordered proteins form a weakly cross-bridged hydrogel, and act as shock absorbers that sustain large deformations without failure.
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