2014-2015年15 P/Finlay的多次爆发
2014-2015 Multiple Outbursts of 15P/Finlay
摘要：
彗星家族15 P/Finlay的多次爆发发生在2014年底至2015年初。我们在第一次爆发后对彗星进行了观测，随后在2015年1月15.6-15.7日目睹了另一次爆发。主要由C2和CN组成的气体和尘埃粒子以1，110 +/- 180 m/s和570 +/- 40 m/s的速度在日心距离1.0 AU处膨胀。我们估计了太阳辐射压与太阳重力的最大比值β_max = 1.6 +/- 0.2，这与由硅酸盐和有机物组成的多孔尘埃颗粒相一致。我们发现，每次爆发都会喷出10^8-10^9公斤的尘埃颗粒（假设为0.3微米-1毫米）。虽然总质量比2007年观测到的17 P/Holmes事件小三个数量级，但每单位质量的动能（104 J/kg）与17 P/Holmes和332 P/2010 V1（Ikeya-Murakami）的估计值相当，表明爆发是由类似的物理机制引起的。根据自愿报告的彗星爆发调查，我们推测15 P/Finlay级爆发每年发生1.5次以上，并以约10 kg/s或更高的速度将来自彗星族彗星和Encke型彗星的尘埃颗粒注入行星际空间。
英文摘要：
Multiple outbursts of a Jupiter-family comet, 15P/Finlay, occurred from late 2014 to early 2015. We conducted an observation of the comet after the first outburst and subsequently witnessed another outburst on 2015 January 15.6-15.7. The gas, consisting mostly of C2 and CN, and dust particles expanded at speeds of 1,110 +/- 180 m/s and 570 +/- 40 m/s at a heliocentric distance of 1.0 AU. We estimated the maximum ratio of solar radiation pressure with respect to the solar gravity beta_max = 1.6 +/- 0.2, which is consistent with porous dust particles composed of silicates and organics. We found that 10^8-10^9 kg of dust particles (assumed to be 0.3 micron - 1 mm) were ejected through each outburst. Although the total mass is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the 17P/Holmes event observed in 2007, the kinetic energy per unit mass (104 J/kg) is equivalent to the estimated values of 17P/Holmes and 332P/2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami), suggesting that the outbursts were caused by a similar physical mechanism. From a survey of cometary outbursts on the basis of voluntary reports, we conjecture that 15P/Finlay-class outbursts occur >1.5 times annually and inject dust particles from Jupiter-family comets and Encke-type comets into interplanetary space at a rate of ~10 kg/s or more.
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