Gravity waves are primarily generated in the lower atmosphere, and can reach thermospheric heights in the course of their propagation. This paper reviews the recent progress in understanding the role of gravity waves in vertical coupling during sudden stratospheric warmings. Modeling of gravity wave effects is briefly reviewed, and the recent developments in the field are presented. Then, the impact of these waves on the general circulation of the upper atmosphere is outlined. Finally, the role of gravity waves in vertical coupling between the lower and the upper atmosphere is discussed in the context of sudden stratospheric warmings.
Data-driven transition path analysis yields a statistical understanding of sudden stratospheric warming events in an idealized model
大气状态转变作为极端天气事件的驱动因素具有很大的影响力,但也带来了两个巨大的建模挑战:预测下一个事件(天气预报),以及描述给定严重程度事件的统计数据(风险气候学)。每个事件都有不同的持续时间和空间结构,因此很难定义一个客观的“平均事件”。“我们认为,过渡路径理论(TPT),一个随机过程框架,是一个适当的工具的任务。我们证明了TPT的能力,突然平流层变暖(SSW)的波平均流模型开发的Holton和质量(1976年),这是理想化的透明TPT分析,但足够复杂,以证明计算的可扩展性。鉴于最近的一篇文章(Finkel等人,2021)研究了近期SSW的可预测性,本文使用TPT将可预测性与长期SSW频率联系起来。这不仅需要从初始条件开始进行时间上的预测,还需要\emph{backward in time}来评估初始条件本身的概率。TPT使一个条件的政权过渡发生的动态,从而可视化其物理驱动程序与矢量场称为\emph{reactive current}。无功电流表明,在SSW之前,耗散和随机强迫驱动低海拔涡旋强度的缓慢衰减。上层风的响应是迟来的和突然的,从概率的角度来看,只有在转换几乎完成之后才发生。这个案例研究表明,TPT量,可视化的物理意义的变量的空间,可以帮助人们了解政权过渡的动态。
Hierarchical Testing of a Hybrid Machine Learning-Physics Global Atmosphere Model
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory(太平洋西北国家实验室);Ocean University of China(中国海洋大学);Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大气物理研究所)
The Localized 12-hour Wave Over Alaska: Leveraging Meridional Wind Measurements From the Sodium Lidar
Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);NorthWest Research Associates(西北研究协会);University of Alaska, Fairbanks(阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校);National Center for Atmospheric Research(国家大气研究中心)
LUCIE-3D: A three-dimensional climate emulator for forced responses
Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学);Allen Insitute of Artificial Intelligence(人工智能 Allen 机构);Argonne National Laboratory(阿贡国家实验室);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校)