半导体量子线中的量子箍缩效应：鸟瞰
The Quantum Pinch Effect in Semiconducting Quantum Wires: A Bird's-Eye View
摘要：
那些用高潮来衡量成功的人似乎没有意识到生活是一段旅程而不是目的地。这种精神最好地反映在几十年来解决受控热核聚变问题的努力中，即使是最简单的捏，也是不断失败的;自然界让我们用例子来挑战。然而，这些努力使研究人员获得了一个稠密的等离子体的寿命，虽然很短，但足以研究物理学的箍缩效应，创建等离子体诊断方法，并发展等离子体过程的现代理论。最重要的是，他们已经浸渍了固态等离子体，特别是半导体中的电子-空穴等离子体，这些等离子体不会受到与约束相关的问题的影响，并且不仅在基础物理学方面而且在器件物理学方面都表现出了它们的潜力。在这里，我们报告的两个组件，圆柱形，准一维量子等离子体受到{ \em径向}限制的谐波势和施加的磁场在对称规范。结果表明，这种可以在半导体量子线中实现的系统为在低温下观察量子箍缩效应提供了一种很好的介质。一个精确的解析解的问题，使我们能够作出重要的观察：令人惊讶的是，在经典的捏效应，粒子密度以及电流密度显示{ \em determinable}最大值之前，在量子线的表面达到最小值。只要平衡的电子对密度持续，这种效应就会持续。因此，出现的技术前景是通往在纳米级控制粒子束的精确电子设备的途径。
英文摘要：
Those who measure success with culmination do not seem to be aware that life is a journey not a destination. This spirit is best reflected in the unceasing failures in efforts for solving the problem of controlled thermonuclear fusion for even the simplest pinches for over decades; and the nature keeps us challenging with examples. However, these efforts have permitted researchers the obtention of a dense plasma with a lifetime that, albeit short, is sufficient to study the physics of the pinch effect, to create methods of plasma diagnostics, and to develop a modern theory of plasma processes. Most importantly, they have impregnated the solid state plasmas, particularly the electron-hole plasmas in semiconductors, which do not suffer from the issues related with the confinement and which have demonstrated their potential not only for the fundamental physics but also for the device physics. Here, we report on a two-component, cylindrical, quasi-one-dimensional quantum plasma subjected to a {\em radial} confining harmonic potential and an applied magnetic field in the symmetric gauge. It is demonstrated that such a system as can be realized in semiconducting quantum wires offers an excellent medium for observing the quantum pinch effect at low temperatures. An exact analytical solution of the problem allows us to make significant observations: surprisingly, in contrast to the classical pinch effect, the particle density as well as the current density display a {\em determinable} maximum before attaining a minimum at the surface of the quantum wire. The effect will persist as long as the equilibrium pair density is sustained. Therefore, the technological promise that emerges is the route to the precise electronic devices that will control the particle beams at the nanoscale.
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