The ultraviolet (UV) window has been largely unexplored through balloons for astronomy. We discuss here the development of a compact near-UV spectrograph with fiber optics input for balloon ights. It is a modified Czerny-Turner system built using off-the-shelf components. The system is portable and scalable to different telescopes. The use of re ecting optics reduces the transmission loss in the UV. It employs an image-intensified CMOS sensor, operating in photon counting mode, as the detector of choice. A lightweight pointing system developed for stable pointing to observe astronomical sources is also discussed, together with the methods to improve its accuracy, e.g. using the in-house build star sensor and others. Our primary scientific objectives include the observation of bright Solar System objects such as visible to eye comets, Moon and planets. Studies of planets can give us valuable information about the planetary aurorae, helping to model and compare atmospheres of other planets and the Earth. The other major objective is to look at the diffuse UV atmospheric emission features (airglow lines), and at column densities of trace gases. This UV window includes several lines important to atmospheric chemistry, e.g. SO2, O3, HCHO, BrO. The spectrograph enables simultaneous measurement of various trace gases, as well as provides better accuracy at higher altitudes compared to electromechanical trace gas measurement sondes. These lines contaminate most astronomical observations but are poorly characterized. Other objectives may include sprites in the atmosphere and meteor ashes from high altitude burn-outs. Our recent experiments and observations with high-altitude balloons are discussed.
Towards the forecast of atmospheric parameters and optical turbulence above an astronomical site on 24h time scale
大气参数和光学湍流预报在地基天文中的应用是非常关键的,主要是队列调度。到目前为止,大多数努力已经解决了我们的小组在开发算法的光学湍流(CN 2)和所附的综合天体气候参数和量化的性能的Astro-Meso-Nh包在重建这些参数。此外,还对Meso-Nh在重建地基天文学相关大气参数方面的性能进行了深入的分析。我们的研究总是提到夜间制度。为了将我们的研究应用到白天的时间制度,我们提出,在这方面的贡献,通过比较模型输出和测量的经典大气参数相关的地基天文学在夜间和白天的时间得到的初步结果。我们选择了Roque de los Muchachos天文台(加那利群岛)作为测试案例,该天文台提供了由同一峰会/天文台上不同望远镜的不同传感器提供的非常扩展的测量集。接近地面的典型的白天的对流制度是非常不同的稳定制度的特点夜间。因此,这项研究的目的是扩大域的Astro-Meso-Nh代码的有效性,以新的湍流制度,它允许覆盖一天的24小时。这种方法不仅可以应用于太阳望远镜(例如EST),而且可以应用于范围更广的科学领域,而不仅仅是在卫星通信等天文学方面。
Lidar-monitoring of atmospheric fluctuations for millimeter-wave astronomical observations
CNRS-UCB, Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL 2007, CPB-IN2P3(法国国家科学研究中心-加州大学伯克利分校,皮埃尔·比内特鲁中心);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CNRS-CEA-UVSQ(气候与环境科学实验室);Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, IRFU(巴黎萨克雷大学);Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie(巴黎西岱大学)
Atmospheric turbulence profiling with the Multistar Turbulence Monitor
School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University(中山大学物理学院);Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)(中国科学院云南天文台);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia(不列颠哥伦比亚大学物理与天文学系);National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University(西南交通大学物理科学与技术学院)
maria goes NIFTy: Gaussian Process-Based Reconstruction and Denoising of Simulated (Sub-)Millimetre Single-Dish Telescope Data
Technical University of Munich(慕尼黑工业大学);Excellence Cluster ORIGINS(ORIGINS卓越集群);Leiden Observatory, Leiden University(莱顿大学莱顿天文台);Yale University(耶鲁大学);Brookhaven National Laboratory(布鲁克海文国家实验室);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)(空间科学研究所(ICE,CSIC))
The Infrared Astronomical Characteristics of Roque de los Muchachos Observatory: precipitable water vapor statistics
本文介绍了由全球定位系统(GPS)获得的Roque de los Muchachos天文台(ORM)上空的大气水汽含量。通过与940 nm辐射计观测值的比较,对GPS测量值进行了评价。GPS测量的统计分析点ORM作为一个观测站点,具有合适的条件,红外(IR)观测,可降水量(PWV)的中位数柱为3.8毫米。PWV呈现出明显的季节性行为,冬季和春季的最佳季节红外观测。2、3、4月夜间PWV值小于3mm的占60%以上。我们还估计了ORM水汽含量的时间变化。PWV的统计结果在不同的天文网站的摘要,回顾这些值是不直接可比的,因为所使用的技术来记录数据的差异。
Neutrino Telescope Array Letter of Intent: A Large Array of High Resolution Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov and Fluorescence Detectors for Survey of Air-showers from Cosmic Tau Neutrinos in the PeV-EeV Energy Range
本意向书(LoI)描述了中微子望远镜阵列(NTA)项目的大纲和计划。高能中微子为强子加速提供了独特而无可争辩的证据。最近,冰立方已经报道了超过预期的来自大气秒的天文中微子候选者,但受到水切伦科夫探测方法的限制。下一代高能中微子望远镜应该能够为宇宙高能中微子建立无可争辩的证据。它不仅应该有数量级的更大的灵敏度,而且还应该有足够的指向精度来探测已知或未知的天文物体,而不会受到大气层的影响。拟议的装置是一个大型阵列的成像大气切伦科夫和荧光探测器的复眼站,具有宽视场和精细的观测能力,从PeV-EeV能量范围的宇宙τ中微子的空气簇射。这套先进的光学复杂系统主要是在全天空巡天高分辨率空气簇射探测器(Ashra)的基础上发展起来的,并采用τ簇射掠地方法对PeV-EeV τ中微子进行巡天。在标准GRB中微子注量的条件下,它可以对PeV-EeV τ中微子进行宽(30 ° x 360 °)和深(~400 Mpc)的巡天观测,而且在基本无背景的条件下,它的指向精度优于0.2 °。通过在宽视场中对掠地τ阵雨进行先进成像,我们的目标是明确发现和识别天文τ中微子源,为天体物理强子模型提供不可逃避的证据,以加速和/或在精确确定的方向上传播极高能量的质子。
Data quality monitoring in the presence of aerosols and other adverse atmospheric conditions with H.E.S.S
切伦科夫望远镜实验,如H.E.S.S.,在甚高能(VHE; E $>$ 100 GeV)区域的天文观测中非常成功。作为探测器的一个组成部分,这种实验使用地球大气作为热量计。对于校准和能量确定,假设标准模型大气。因此,实际大气与模型的偏差可能会导致初级伽马射线的能量重建错误。为了在困难的大气条件下保证令人满意的数据质量,在H.E.S.S.中实施了若干大气数据质量标准。软件这些量对云和气溶胶很敏感。这里,将呈现切伦科夫透明系数。它是一种新的监测量,能够测量大气透明度的长期变化。切伦科夫透明度系数完全来自切伦科夫数据,并且与硬件无关。此外,还将介绍其与多角度成像分光辐射计进行的独立卫星测量的正相关性。
AstroClearNet: Deep image prior for multi-frame astronomical image restoration
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University(应用数学与统计学系,约翰霍普金斯大学);Johns Hopkins University(约翰霍普金斯大学);Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University(计算机科学系,约翰霍普金斯大学);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University(物理与天文学系,约翰霍普金斯大学)
Stellar Karaoke: deep blind separation of terrestrial atmospheric effects out of stellar spectra by velocity whitening
Department of Astronomy, University of Washington(华盛顿大学天文系);The Raw Data Speaks Initiative(原始数据发声计划);Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology(阿米尔卡比尔理工大学电气工程系)