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arXiv 1608.06331quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallphysics.optics
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高磁场下Tm $^{3+}$:YAG的二次塞曼效应和自旋晶格弛豫

Quadratic Zeeman effect and spin-lattice relaxation of Tm$^{3+}$:YAG at high magnetic fields

Lucile Veissier, Charles W. Thiel, Thomas Lutz, Paul E. Barclay, Wolfgang Tittel, Rufus L. Cone

摘要:

研究了$^{169}$ Tm $^{3+}$掺杂的Y $_3$ Al $_5$ O $_{12}$中$^3{\rm H}_6 \rightarrow \, ^3{\rm H}_4$跃迁的二次塞曼效应的各向异性,揭示了磁不等效位离子的位移范围从接近零到+ 4.69 GHz/T $^2$.这种大范围的位移被用来光谱解析不同的离子子集,并研究核自旋弛豫作为温度,磁场强度和取向的函数,在一个网站选择性的方式。自旋寿命在大磁场下迅速下降,揭示了直接声子吸收和发射对核自旋-晶格弛豫速率的微弱贡献。我们进一步证实了声子耦合强度的理论预测,发现比那些估计在过去的研究中的有限数量的类似晶体中的铥小得多的值。最后,我们观察到一个显着的-和意想不到的-磁场依赖性的双声子Orbach自旋弛豫过程中,在较高的场强,我们解释通过变化所产生的二次塞曼效应的电子能级分裂。

英文摘要:

Anisotropy of the quadratic Zeeman effect for the $^3{\rm H}_6 \rightarrow \, ^3{\rm H}_4$ transition at 793 nm wavelength in $^{169}$Tm$^{3+}$-doped Y$_3$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ is studied, revealing shifts ranging from near zero up to + 4.69 GHz/T$^2$ for ions in magnetically inequivalent sites. This large range of shifts is used to spectrally resolve different subsets of ions and study nuclear spin relaxation as a function of temperature, magnetic field strength, and orientation in a site-selective manner. A rapid decrease in spin lifetime is found at large magnetic fields, revealing the weak contribution of direct-phonon absorption and emission to the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate. We furthermore confirm theoretical predictions for the phonon coupling strength, finding much smaller values than those estimated in the limited number of past studies of thulium in similar crystals. Finally, we observe a significant -- and unexpected -- magnetic field dependence of the two-phonon Orbach spin relaxation process at higher field strengths, which we explain through changes in the electronic energy-level splitting arising from the quadratic Zeeman effect.

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