解决磁星驱动的宽线Ic型超新星的56 Ni难题
Solving the 56Ni puzzle of magnetar-powered broad-lined type Ic supernovae
摘要：
宽线Ic型超新星（SNe Ic-BL）非常重要，因为它们与长持续时间伽马射线暴（LGRB）的关系是破译LGRB核心引擎的关键，尽管数十年的研究，但它一直没有被揭开。在两种普遍假设的中央引擎类型中，即，黑洞和强磁化中子星（磁星），越来越多的证据表明，与GRB相关的SNe（GRB-SNe）的中心引擎是快速旋转的磁星。理论分析还表明，磁星可能是SNe Ic-BL的中心引擎。令研究人员感到困惑的是，光变曲线模型表明，在SNe Ic-BL爆炸期间合成了多达0.2-0.5太阳质量的56 Ni，不幸的是，这与目前最先进的磁星动力56 Ni合成的理解直接冲突。在这里，我们提出了一个动态模型的磁星供电的SNe考虑到加速喷出物的磁星，以及热化的注入能量。假设SN的动能完全来自磁星的加速，我们发现，虽然磁星的旋转能量的主要部分是加速SNe喷出物，这种能量的一小部分沉积为喷出物的热能是足以减少所需的56 Ni到0.06太阳质量的SN 1997 EF和SN 2007 RU。因此，我们认为磁星可以在能量学和56 Ni合成方面为SNe Ic-BL提供动力。
英文摘要：
Broad-lined type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) are of great importance because their association with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) holds the key to deciphering the central engine of LGRBs, which refrains from being unveiled despite decades of investigation. Among the two popularly hypothesized types of central engine, i.e., black holes and strongly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars), there is mounting evidence that the central engine of GRB-associated SNe (GRB-SNe) is rapidly rotating magnetars. Theoretical analysis also suggests that magnetars could be the central engine of SNe Ic-BL. What puzzled the researchers is the fact that light curve modeling indicates that as much as 0.2-0.5 solar mass of 56Ni was synthesized during the explosion of the SNe Ic-BL, which is unfortunately in direct conflict with current state-of-the-art understanding of magnetar-powered 56Ni synthesis. Here we propose a dynamic model of magnetar-powered SNe to take into account the acceleration of the ejecta by the magnetar, as well as the thermalization of the injected energy. Assuming that the SN kinetic energy comes exclusively from the magnetar acceleration, we find that although a major fraction of the rotational energy of the magnetar is to accelerate the SNe ejecta, a tiny fraction of this energy deposited as thermal energy of the ejecta is enough to reduce the needed 56Ni to 0.06 solar mass for both SN 1997ef and SN 2007ru. We therefore suggest that magnetars could power SNe Ic-BL both in aspects of energetics and of 56Ni synthesis.
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