$α$ -簇关联引起的$^{16}$ O四面体形状和表面密度波
Tetrahedral shape and surface density wave of $^{16}$O caused by $α$-cluster correlations
摘要：
用反对称化分子动力学方法研究了$^{12}$ C和$^{16}$ O的$0^+_1$和$3^-_1$态的$α$ -团簇关联. $^{12}$ C和$^{16}$ O的本征态分别具有三角形和四面体形状，这是由于$α$ -簇关联。这些形状可以被理解为旋转不变性的自发对称破缺，由此产生的表面密度振荡与费米面相对于波数为$λ=3$的粒子-空穴关联的不稳定性引起的密度波（DW）有关. $^{16}$ O（$0^+_1$）和$^{16}$ O（$3^-_1$）被认为是从刚性四面体本征态构建的一组宇称伙伴，而$^{12}$ C（$0^+_1$）和$^{12}$ C（$3^-_1$）不是好的宇称伙伴，因为它们具有不同大小的三角形本征态，由于$3α$结构的柔软性而具有显著的形状波动。还讨论了$^{12}$ C和$^{16}$ O中$E3$从$3^-_1$到$0^+_1$态的跃迁强度。
英文摘要：
$α$-cluster correlations in the $0^+_1$ and $3^-_1$ states of $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O are studied using the method of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics, with which nuclear structures are described from nucleon degrees of freedom without assuming existence of clusters. The intrinsic states of $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O have triangle and tetrahedral shapes, respectively, because of the $α$-cluster correlations. These shapes can be understood as spontaneous symmetry breaking of rotational invariance, and the resultant surface density oscillation is associated with density wave (DW) caused by the instability of Fermi surface with respect to particle-hole correlations with the wave number $λ=3$. $^{16}$O($0^+_1$) and $^{16}$O($3^-_1$) are regarded as a set of parity partners constructed from the rigid tetrahedral intrinsic state, whereas $^{12}$C($0^+_1$) and $^{12}$C($3^-_1$) are not good parity partners as they have triangle intrinsic states of different sizes with significant shape fluctuation because of softness of the $3α$ structure. $E3$ transition strengths from the $3^-_1$ to $0^+_1$ states in $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O are also discussed.
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