埃、飞秒尺度原子运动的自参考相干X射线衍射电影
Self-referenced coherent diffraction x-ray movie of Angstrom- and femtosecond-scale atomic motion
摘要：
时间分辨飞秒X射线衍射图案从激光激发的分子碘被用来创建一个电影的分子内运动的时间和空间分辨率为$30~$ fs和$0.3$ fs。高的空间保真度是由于运动的激励和静态的初始电荷分布之间的干扰。这种X射线干涉以前还没有被用来对分子内部运动成像。初始状态被用作本振子的外差放大的激发电荷分布，以恢复在100 ngstrom和飞秒尺度上的原子运动的真实空间电影。相干振动运动和色散，离解和旋转失相都清晰可见的数据，从而证明了惊人的灵敏度外差方法。
英文摘要：
Time-resolved femtosecond x-ray diffraction patterns from laser-excited molecular iodine are used to create a movie of intramolecular motion with time and space resolution of $30~$fs and $0.3$ Å. The high spatial fidelity is due to interference between the moving excitation and the static initial charge distribution. This x-ray interference has not been employed to image internal motion in molecules before. The initial state is used as the local oscillator for heterodyne amplification of the excited charge distribution to retrieve real-space movies of atomic motion on Ångstrom and femtosecond scales. Coherent vibrational motion and dispersion, dissociation, and rotational dephasing are all clearly visible in the data, thereby demonstrating the stunning sensitivity of heterodyne methods.
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