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arXiv 1608.02580astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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F-GAMMA计划:费米时代活动星系核的多频率研究。项目描述和前2.5年的监测

The F-GAMMA program: Multi-frequency study of Active Galactic Nuclei in the Fermi era. Program description and the first 2.5 years of monitoring

L. Fuhrmann, E. Angelakis, J. A. Zensus, I. Nestoras, N. Marchili, V. Pavlidou, V. Karamanavis, H. Ungerechts, T. P. Krichbaum, S. Larsson, S. S. Lee, W. Max-Mo… 展开作者

L. Fuhrmann, E. Angelakis, J. A. Zensus, I. Nestoras, N. Marchili, V. Pavlidou, V. Karamanavis, H. Ungerechts, T. P. Krichbaum, S. Larsson, S. S. Lee, W. Max-Moerbeck, I. Myserlis, T. J. Pearson, A. C. S. Readhead, J. L. Richards, A. Sievers, B. W. Sohn

摘要:

为了充分利用费米任务的科学潜力,我们启动了F-Gamma计划。在2007年至2015年期间,它是无线电领域补充多频监测的主要提供商。我们量化的伽玛射线耀变体的无线电变化。我们调查它的依赖源类和检查是否无线电变异有关的伽玛射线响度。最后,我们评估了两个波段之间的假定相关性的有效性。F-伽马每月监测大约60个源的样本,频率最多可达2.64至228.39千兆赫之间的12个射频。我们对第一个2.5年的数据集进行时间序列分析,以获得变异性参数。一个极大似然分析被用来评估无线电和伽马射线通量之间的相关性的意义。我们目前的光变曲线和光谱(相干在十天内)获得的Effelsberg 100米和IRAM 30米望远镜。所有源在所有频带上都是可变的,振幅随频率增加,直到约60 - 80 GHz的静止帧频率,如射流冲击模型所预期的那样。与FSRQs相比,BL Lac在较低的频率上系统地显示出较低的变率幅度、亮温和多普勒因子,而在较高的频率上差异消失。两个类的时间尺度似乎相似。BL Lacs的光谱指数分布在较高频率处显得更平坦或更倒置。不断发展的同步加速器自吸收成分可以自然地解释所观察到的光谱变化。我们发现,费米探测到的源表现出更大的变化幅度以及亮度温度和多普勒因子,比未探测到的。在86.2和142.3 GHz的通量密度与1 GeV通量的显着性水平优于3西格玛,这意味着伽马射线产生非常接近毫米波段的发射区。

英文摘要:

To fully exploit the scientific potential of the Fermi mission, we initiated the F-GAMMA program. Between 2007 and 2015 it was the prime provider of complementary multi-frequency monitoring in the radio regime. We quantify the radio variability of gamma-ray blazars. We investigate its dependence on source class and examine whether the radio variability is related to the gamma-ray loudness. Finally, we assess the validity of a putative correlation between the two bands. The F-GAMMA monitored monthly a sample of about 60 sources at up to twelve radio frequencies between 2.64 and 228.39 GHz. We perform a time series analysis on the first 2.5-year dataset to obtain variability parameters. A maximum likelihood analysis is used to assess the significance of a correlation between radio and gamma-ray fluxes. We present light curves and spectra (coherent within ten days) obtained with the Effelsberg 100-m and IRAM 30-m telescopes. All sources are variable across all frequency bands with amplitudes increasing with frequency up to rest frame frequencies of around 60 - 80 GHz as expected by shock-in-jet models. Compared to FSRQs, BL Lacs show systematically lower variability amplitudes, brightness temperatures and Doppler factors at lower frequencies, while the difference vanishes towards higher ones. The time scales appear similar for the two classes. The distribution of spectral indices appears flatter or more inverted at higher frequencies for BL Lacs. Evolving synchrotron self-absorbed components can naturally account for the observed spectral variability. We find that the Fermi-detected sources show larger variability amplitudes as well as brightness temperatures and Doppler factors, than non-detected ones. Flux densities at 86.2 and 142.3 GHz correlate with 1 GeV fluxes at a significance level better than 3sigma, implying that gamma rays are produced very close to the mm-band emission region.

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