生物力学传感的物理限制
Physical limits to biomechanical sensing
摘要：
细胞主动探测并响应周围环境的硬度。由于结缔组织中的机械感觉细胞被生物聚合物的无序网络包围，因此它们的体内机械环境可能非常不均匀。在这里，我们研究这种异质性如何影响mechanosensing建模细胞作为一个理想化的局部刚度传感器内的无序纤维网络。对于我们研究的所有类型的网络，包括实验成像的胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白结构，我们发现在整个给定网络的不同点上应用的测量产生了惊人的广泛的局部刚度，跨度大约20年。我们通过模拟和缩放参数验证了这种广泛的局部刚度是无序纤维网络的一般属性，并表明可以通过调整特定的网络特征（包括长纤维的存在和弹性过渡的接近）来进一步增加该范围。这些特征还允许刚度对探针长度的高度可调依赖性。最后，我们表明，要获得最佳的，可靠的估计全球组织刚度，细胞必须调整其大小，形状和位置，以整合多个刚度测量扩展区域的空间。
英文摘要：
Cells actively probe and respond to the stiffness of their surroundings. Since mechanosensory cells in connective tissue are surrounded by a disordered network of biopolymers, their in vivo mechanical environment can be extremely heterogeneous. Here, we investigate how this heterogeneity impacts mechanosensing by modeling the cell as an idealized local stiffness sensor inside a disordered fiber network. For all types of networks we study, including experimentally-imaged collagen and fibrin architectures, we find that measurements applied at different points throughout a given network yield a strikingly broad range of local stiffnesses, spanning roughly two decades. We verify via simulations and scaling arguments that this broad range of local stiffnesses is a generic property of disordered fiber networks, and show that the range can be further increased by tuning specific network features, including the presence of long fibers and the proximity to elastic transitions. These features additionally allow for a highly tunable dependence of stiffness on probe length. Finally, we show that to obtain optimal, reliable estimates of global tissue stiffness, a cell must adjust its size, shape, and position to integrate multiple stiffness measurements over extended regions of space.
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