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arXiv 1608.01463cs.DS
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反馈顶点集的线性时间核化

Linear-time Kernelization for Feedback Vertex Set

Yoichi Iwata

摘要:

本文提出了一个算法,给定一个由$m$边组成的无向图$G$和一个整数$k$,在$O(k^4 m)$时间内计算一个图$G'$和一个整数$k'$,使得(1)图$G'$的大小为$O(k^2)$,(2)$k'\leq k$,以及(3)$G$具有大小至多为$k$的反馈顶点集当且仅当$G'$具有大小至多为$k'$的反馈顶点集。这是反馈顶点集的第一个线性时间多项式大小的核。我们的核的大小是$2k^2+k$顶点和$4k^2$边,这比以前最好的$4k^2$顶点和$8k^2$边要小。因此,我们同时提高了规模和运行时间。我们注意到,在$\mathrm{NP}\not\subseteq\mathrm{coNP}/\mathrm{poly}$的假设下,反馈顶点集不允许任何$ε>0$的$O(k^{2-ε})$大小的内核。我们的内核利用$k$ -次模块化松弛,这是一个最近开发的技术,获得高效的FPT算法的各种问题。反馈顶点集的$k$ -次模松弛的对偶可以看作是$A$ -路径填充的半整数变体,为了获得线性时间复杂度,我们提出了一个有效的增广路径算法.我们相信,这种组合算法是独立的利益。基于该方法的求解器在第一届参数化算法和计算实验(PACE)挑战赛中获得第一名。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that, given an undirected graph $G$ of $m$ edges and an integer $k$, computes a graph $G'$ and an integer $k'$ in $O(k^4 m)$ time such that (1) the size of the graph $G'$ is $O(k^2)$, (2) $k'\leq k$, and (3) $G$ has a feedback vertex set of size at most $k$ if and only if $G'$ has a feedback vertex set of size at most $k'$. This is the first linear-time polynomial-size kernel for Feedback Vertex Set. The size of our kernel is $2k^2+k$ vertices and $4k^2$ edges, which is smaller than the previous best of $4k^2$ vertices and $8k^2$ edges. Thus, we improve the size and the running time simultaneously. We note that under the assumption of $\mathrm{NP}\not\subseteq\mathrm{coNP}/\mathrm{poly}$, Feedback Vertex Set does not admit an $O(k^{2-ε})$-size kernel for any $ε>0$. Our kernel exploits $k$-submodular relaxation, which is a recently developed technique for obtaining efficient FPT algorithms for various problems. The dual of $k$-submodular relaxation of Feedback Vertex Set can be seen as a half-integral variant of $A$-path packing, and to obtain the linear-time complexity, we propose an efficient augmenting-path algorithm for this problem. We believe that this combinatorial algorithm is of independent interest. A solver based on the proposed method won first place in the 1st Parameterized Algorithms and Computational Experiments (PACE) challenge.

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