We study thermal effects on a decay process of a false vacuum in type IIA string theory. At finite temperature, the potential of the theory is corrected and also thermally excited modes enhance the decay rate. The false vacuum can accommodate a string-like object. This cosmic string makes the bubble creation rate much larger and causes an inhomogeneous vacuum decay. We investigate thermal corrections to the DBI action for the bubble/string bound state and discuss a thermally assisted tunneling process. We show that thermally excited states enhance the tunneling rate of the decay process, which makes the life-time of the false vacuum much shorter.
We analyze vacuum decay in brane world setups, where a free scalar field in five dimensions has a localized potential admitting metastable vacua. We study in particular the bounce solution and its properties in flat and warped spaces. In the latter case, placing into a deeply warped region the term in the potential that lifts the vacuum degeneracy, can increase indefinitely the lifetime of the false vacuum. We discuss the application to metastable vacua in supersymmetric brane-world constructions.
We construct Abelian brane models with metastable vacua which are obtained from deformations of ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric brane configurations. One such model lives on a D4 brane stretched between two displaced and rotated NS5 branes. Another one lives on a D5 brane wrapped on a deformed and fibered $A_2$ singularity.
String compactifications with D-branes may exhibit regular magnetic monopole solutions, whose presence does not rely on broken non-abelian gauge symmetry. These stringy monopoles exist on interesting metastable brane configurations, such as anti-D3 branes inside a flux compactification or D5-branes wrapping 2-cycles that are locally stable but globally trivial. In brane realizations of SM-like gauge theories, the monopoles carry one unit of magnetic hypercharge. Their mass can range from the string scale down to the multi-TeV regime.
We study dynamics of a cosmic string in a metastable brane configuration in Type IIA string theory. We first discuss a decay process of the cosmic string via a fuzzy brane (equivalently bubble/string bound state) by neglecting gravitational corrections in ten-dimension. We find that depending on the strength of the magnetic field induced on the bubble, the decay rate can be either larger or smaller than that of $O(4)$ symmetric bubble. Then, we investigate gravitational corrections to the fuzzy brane by using the extremal black $NS$-five brane solution, which makes the lifetime of the metastab…
We construct analytically a perturbative supergravity solution that captures the backreaction of a metastable state of anti-branes in the background of a particular modification of the Klebanov-Strassler throat in a long-wavelength approximation. Our solution, which has no unphysical singularities, describes how non-supersymmetric spherical NS5-branes with dissolved anti-D3 brane charge backreact in a fluxed throat geometry. It supports previous claims that there is a well-behaved supergravity description of the metastable state of wrapped NS5-branes proposed years ago by Kachru, Pearson, and …
We construct a model with D5 branes wrapped on a deformed and resolved $A_6$ singularity which realizes metastable supersymmetry breaking and minimal gauge mediation. Supersymmetry is broken at tree level by the F--term of singlet which also obtains a VEV as required in gauge mediation. Three nodes of the singularity are used to break supersymmetry whereas the other three realize gauge mediation. The supersymmetry breaking scale is suppressed due to brane instanton effects which are computed using a geometric transition.
We study the effect of brane polarization on the supersymmetry transformations of probe anti-D3-branes at the tip of a Klebanov-Strassler throat geometry. As is well known, the probe branes can polarize into NS5-branes and decay to a supersymmetric state by brane-flux annihilation. The effective potential has a metastable minimum as long as the number of anti-D3-branes is small compared to the number of flux quanta. We study the reduced four-dimensional effective NS5-brane theory and show that in the metastable minimum supersymmetry is non-linearly realized to leading order, as expected for sp…
In a recent paper [1] we showed that N=1 supersymmetric QCD in the presence of certain superpotential deformations has a rich landscape of supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric vacua. In this paper we embed this theory in string theory as a low energy theory of intersecting NS and D-branes. We find that in the region of parameter space of brane configurations that can be reliably studied using classical string theory, the vacuum structure is qualitatively similar to that in the field theory regime. Effects that in field theory come from one loop corrections arise in string theory as classical …
We use blackfold methods to analyse the properties of putative supergravity solutions in M-theory that describe the backreaction of polarised anti-M2 branes (namely, M5 branes wrapping three-cycles with negative M2-brane charge) in the Cvetic-Gibbons-Lu-Pope background of eleven-dimensional supergravity. At zero temperature we recover the metastable state of Klebanov and Pufu directly in supergravity. At finite temperature we uncover a previously unknown pattern of mergers between fat or thin M5-brane states with the thermalised version of the metastable state. At sufficiently small values of …
In the Randall-Sundrum scenario, our universe is a 4-dimensional `brane' living in a 5-dimensional bulk spacetime. By studying the scattering of bulk gravity waves, we show that this brane rings with a characteristic set of complex quasinormal frequencies, much like a black hole. To a bulk observer these modes are interpreted as metastable gravity wave bound states, while a brane observer views them as a discrete spectrum of decaying massive gravitons. Potential implications of these scattering resonances are discussed.
We give a concise geometric recipe for constructing D-brane gauge theories that exhibit metastable SUSY breaking. We present two simple examples in terms of branes at deformed CY singularities.
We study a supersymmetry breaking deformation of the M-theory background found in arXiv:hep-th/0012011. The supersymmetric solution is a warped product of R^{2,1} and the 8-dimensional Stenzel space, which is a higher dimensional generalization of the deformed conifold. At the bottom of the warped throat there is a 4-sphere threaded by \tilde{M} units of 4-form flux. The dual (2+1)-dimensional theory has a discrete spectrum of bound states. We add p anti-M2 branes at a point on the 4-sphere, and show that they blow up into an M5-brane wrapping a 3-sphere at a fixed azimuthal angle on the 4-sph…
We use the non-normalizable complex deformations to describe the stringy realizations of the metastable vacua in N = 1, SU(N_c) SUSY theories with N_f > N_c massive fundamental flavors. The consideration of the non-normalizable deformations requires a modified Toric duality. The new approach considers the tachyon condensation between pairs of wrapped D5 branes and anti D5 branes and the resulting mixing between some cycles in the geometry. We enlarge the class of metastable vacua to the case of branes-antibranes wrapped on cycles of deformed A_n singularities.
We consider quiver gauge theories arising on D-branes at simple Calabi-Yau singularities (quotients of the conifold). These theories have metastable supersymmetry breaking vacua. The field theoretic mechanism is basically the one exhibited by the examples of Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih in SUSY QCD. In a dual description, the SUSY breaking is captured by the presence of anti-branes. In comparison to our earlier related work, the main improvements of the present construction are that we can reach the free magnetic range of the SUSY QCD theory where the existence of the metastable vacua is on …
In the framework of a five-dimensional three-brane model with quasi-localized gravitons we evaluate metric perturbations induced on the positive tension brane by matter residing thereon. We find that at intermediate distances, the effective four-dimensional theory coincides, up to small corrections, with General Relativity. This is in accord with Csaki, Erlich and Hollowood and in contrast to Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati. We show, however, that at ultra-large distances this effective four-dimensional theory becomes dramatically different: conventional tensor gravity changes into scalar anti-gr…
We speculate that the weak gravity conjecture applied to theories with holographic duals bans the existence of disordered phases at zero temperature. We test this idea by introducing a non-zero baryon chemical potential in a deformation of the $SU(N_c)\times SU(N_c)$ Klebanov-Witten gauge theory with broken supersymmetry and conformal invariance. At low temperature, a disordered phase dual to a black brane geometry is unstable for low chemical potentials and metastable for high values. In the metastable phase, states with a partial Higgsing of the gauge group are favored over the normal disord…
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天体物理与空间科学研究所）；University of Science and Technology（科学技术大学）；Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（大学间天文与天体物理中心）；Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics（博戈留波夫理论物理研究所）
We study fundamental string (F-string) dynamics near D5-brane in some limits. We find that when the angular momentum of the probe is proportional to string length (l_s) and square root of string coupling constant {g_s}, the F-string lies in its metastable orbit at a finite distance from D5-branes. We further study the metastable orbits of a M2-brane in M5-brane background.
If the graviton possesses an arbitrarily small (but nonvanishing) mass, perturbation theory implies that cosmic strings have a nonzero Newtonian potential. Nevertheless in Einstein gravity, where the graviton is strictly massless, the Newtonian potential of a cosmic string vanishes. This discrepancy is an example of the van Dam--Veltman--Zakharov (VDVZ) discontinuity. We present a solution for the metric around a cosmic string in a braneworld theory with a graviton metastable on the brane. This theory possesses those features that yield a VDVZ discontinuity in massive gravity, but nevertheless…
The scalar potential of recombination fields of magnetized branes in Type IIB orientifold compactifications is analyzed in the absence of any closed string fluxes. Considering its perturbative F and D-term contributions in a quadratic approximation, we present the conditions for which its minima are supersymmetric. We show that for reasonable conditions on the spectrum, both metric moduli and recombination fields can be stabilized. We then provide explicit examples of compact manifolds where a Minkowski vacuum is realized in a Higgs phase. The vacuum energy is zero and some charged scalars acq…
Despite their consequential applications, metastable states of antibranes in warped throats are not yet fully understood. In this thesis, we provide new information on various aspects of these metastable antibranes through applications of the blackfold effective theory for higher-dimensional black holes. As concrete examples, we study the conjectured metastable state of polarised anti-D3 branes at the tip of the Klebanov-Strassler (KS) throat in type IIB supergravity and the analogous state of polarised anti-M2 branes at the tip of the Cvetic-Gibbons-Lu-Pope (CGLP) throat in eleven-dimensional…
We demonstrate that, in an appropriate limit, the off-shell M5-brane worldvolume action effectively captures the scalar potential of Seiberg-Witten theory perturbed by a small superpotential and, consequently, any nonsupersymmetric vacua that it describes. This happens in a similar manner to the emergence from M5's of the scalar potential describing certain type IIB flux configurations [arXiv:0705.0983]. We then construct exact nonholomorphic M5 configurations in the special case of SU(2) Seiberg-Witten theory deformed by a degree six superpotential which correspond to the recently discovered …
We find the superpotential governing the supersymmetric warped M-theory solution with a transverse Stenzel space found by Cvetic, Gibbons, Lu and Pope in hep-th/0012011, and use this superpotential to extract and solve the twelve coupled equations underlying the first-order backreacted solution of a stack of anti-M2 branes in this space. These anti-M2 branes were analyzed recently in a probe approximation by Klebanov and Pufu, who conjectured that they should be dual to a metastable vacuum of a supersymmetric 2+1 dimensional theory. We find that the would-be supergravity dual to such a metasta…
In this paper we consider quiver gauge theories with fractional branes whose infrared dynamics removes the classical supersymmetric vacua (DSB branes). We show that addition of flavors to these theories (via additional non-compact branes) leads to local meta-stable supersymmetry breaking minima, closely related to those of SQCD with massive flavors. We simplify the study of the one-loop lifting of the accidental classical flat directions by direct computation of the pseudomoduli masses via Feynman diagrams. This new approach allows to obtain analytic results for all these theories. This work e…
We further analyze a class of recently studied metastable string vacua obtained by wrapping D5-branes and anti-D5-branes over rigid homologous S^2's of a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold. The large N dual description is characterized by a potential for the glueball fields which is determined by an auxiliary matrix model. The higher order corrections to this potential produce a suprisingly rich phase structure. In particular, at sufficiently large 't Hooft coupling the metastable vacua present at weak coupling cease to exist. This instability can already be seen by an open string two loop contr…
Motivated by stringy considerations, Randall & Sundrum have proposed a model where all the fields and particles of physics, save gravity, are confined on a 4-dimensional brane embedded in 5-dimensional anti-deSitter space. Their scenario features a stable bound state of bulk gravity waves and the brane that reproduces standard general relativity. We demonstrate that in addition to this zero-mode, there is also a discrete set of metastable bound states that behave like massive 4-dimensional gravitons which decay by tunneling into the bulk. These are resonances of the bulk-brane system akin to b…
We clarify some general issues in models where gravity is localized at intermediate distances. We introduce the radion mode, which is usually neglected, and we point out that its role in the model is crucial. We show that the brane bending effects discussed in the literature can be obtained in a formalism where the physical origin is manifest. The model violates positivity of energy due to a negative tension brane, which induces a negative kinetic term for the radion. The very same effect that violates positivity is responsible for the recovery of conventional Einstein gravity at intermediate …
We construct an M-theory background dual to the metastable state recently discussed by Klebanov and Pufu, which corresponds to placing a stack of anti-M2 branes at the tip of a warped Stenzel space. With this purpose we analytically solve for the linearized non-supersymmetric deformations around the warped Stenzel space, preserving the SO(5) symmetries of the supersymmetric background, and which interpolate between the IR and UV region. We identify the supergravity solution which corresponds to a stack of $\bar{N}$ backreacting anti-M2 branes by fixing all the 12 integration constants in terms…
We study the geometric interpretation of metastable vacua for systems of D3 branes at non isolated toric deformable singularities. Using the L^{aba} examples, we investigate the relations between the field theoretic susy breaking and restoration and the complex deformations of the CY singularities.
The appearance of inner brane structure is an interesting issue in domain wall {brane model}. Because such structure usually leads to quasilocalized modes of various kinds of bulk fields. In this paper, we construct a domain wall brane model by using a scalar field $ϕ$, which couples to its kinetic term. The inner brane structure emerges as the scalar-kinetic coupling increases. With such brane structure, we show that it is possible to obtain gravity resonant modes in both tensor and scalar sectors. The number of the resonant modes depends on the vacuum expectation value of $ϕ$ and the form of…
We argue that tachyon-free type I string vacua with supersymmetry breaking in the open sector at the string scale can be interpreted, via S and T-duality arguments, as metastable vacua of supersymmetric type I superstring. The dynamics of the process can be partially captured via nucleation of brane-antibrane pairs out of the non-supersymmetric vacuum and subsequent tachyon condensation.
Continuing the programme of constructing the backreacted solution corresponding to smeared anti-D3 branes in the warped deformed conifold, we solve analytically the equations governing the space of first-order deformations around this solution. We express the results in terms of at most three nested integrals. These are the simplest expressions for the space of $SU(2) \times SU(2) \times \ZZ_2$-invariant deformations, in which the putative solution for smeared anti-D3 branes must live. We also explain why one cannot claim to identify this solution without fully relating the coefficients of the…
We quantify the baryon anti-baryon production generated by a metastable cosmic string, similar to the embedded pion string. More precisely, we study skyrmion production mediated by instantons generated by a pion-like metastable string in contact with a thermal bath, and interpret these Skyrmions as baryons. As shown in a previous work, the core of such a metastable string can melt due to quantum tunneling in the charged field direction. The specific configuration of our string containing 4 scalar fields out of equilibrium in contact with a thermal bath is shown to yield skyrmion production wit…
Anti-D3 branes and non-perturbative effects in flux compactifications spontaneously break supersymmetry and stabilise moduli in a metastable de Sitter vacua. The low energy 4D effective field theory description for such models would be a supergravity theory with non-linearly realised supersymmetry. Guided by string theory modular symmetry, we compute this non-linear supergravity theory, including dependence on all bulk moduli. Using either a constrained chiral superfield or a constrained vector field, the uplifting contribution to the scalar potential from the anti-D3 brane can be parameterise…
We propose a scenario for dynamical supersymmetry breaking in string compactifications based on geometric engineering of quiver gauge theories. In particular we show that the runaway behavior of fractional branes at del Pezzo singularities can be stabilized by a flux superpotential in compact models. Our construction relies on homological mirror symmetry for orientifolds.
We study gauge mediation in a wide class of O'Raifeartaigh type models where supersymmetry breaking metastable vacuum is created by gravity and/or quantum corrections. We examine their thermal evolution in the early universe and the conditions under which the susy breaking vacuum can be selected. It is demonstrated that thermalization typically makes the metastable supersymmetry breaking cosmologically disfavoured but this is not always the case. Initial conditions with the spurion displaced from the symmetric thermal minimum and a small coupling to the messenger sector can result in the reali…
According to the KKLT scenario, metastable dS vacua are formed as a result of uplifting of supersymmetric AdS vacua by $\overline {D3}$ branes. I describe an extended version of this scenario where metastable dS vacua appear after an uplift from a state where the potential of the volume modulus in the absence of $\overline {D3}$ branes would be unbounded below. This mechanism may considerably strengthen vacuum stabilization in the early universe.
Low-energy effective M-theory (11d supergravity or 11d SUSY theory) is considered in 11d flat or AdS background. After orbifold compactification of eleventh dimension one gets flat 10d brane at non-zero temperature. Quantum effective potential (free energy at low-temperature approximation) is calculated on such brane with account of only lowest mass from Kaluza-Klein modes. Such effective potential may stabilize the radius of 11th dimension (radion stabilization) as it is demonstrated explicitly.
It has been shown that four dimensional N=2 gauge theories, softly broken to N=1 by a superpotential term, can accommodate metastable non-supersymmetric vacua in their moduli space. We study the SU(2) theory at high temperatures in order to determine whether a cooling universe settles in the metastable vacuum at zero temperature. We show that the corrections to the free energy because of the BPS dyons are such that may destroy the existence of the metastable vacuum at high temperatures. Nevertheless we demonstrate the universe can settle in the metastable vacuum, provided that the following tw…
We investigate catalysis induced by a dyonic impurity in the metastable vacuum studied by Kachru, Pearson and Verlinde, which can be relevant to vacuum decay in the KKLT scenario. The impurity is a D3-brane wrapping on $ \mathbb{S}^3$ in the Klebanov-Strassler geometry. The effect of the D3-brane can be encoded in the world-volume theory of an NS5-brane as an electromagnetic field on it. As the field strength becomes large, instability of the vacuum enhances. As a result, the lifetime of the metastable vacuum becomes drastically shorter.
Utilizing the large N dual description of a metastable system of branes and anti-branes wrapping rigid homologous S^2's in a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold, we study phase transitions induced by changing the positions of the S^2's. At leading order in 1/N the effective potential for this system is computed by the planar limit of an auxiliary matrix model. Beginning at the two loop correction, the degenerate vacuum energy density of the discrete confining vacua split, and a potential is generated for the axion. Changing the relative positions of the S^2's causes discrete jumps in the energeti…
We consider a decay of a false vacuum in flux compactifications of type IIB string theory and study a catalytic effect for a phase transition induced by a new type of impurities. We concentrate on the large N dual of a D5-brane/anti-D5-brane system which has a rich vacuum structure. We show that D3-branes wrapping the 3-cycles can form a dibaryon and make a bound state with a monopole. We find that these baryon-like objects can make the lifetime of the metastable vacuum shorter.
We study the dynamics of supertubes in smooth bubbling geometries with three charges and three dipole charges that can describe black holes, black rings and their microstates. We find the supertube Hamiltonian in these backgrounds and show that there exist metastable supertube configurations, that can decay into supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric ones via brane-flux annihilation. We also find stable non-supersymmetric configurations. Both the metastable and the stable non-supersymmetric configuration are expected to describe microstate geometries for non-extremal black holes, and we discuss…
We point out that the potential of Goldberger and Wise for stabilizing the distance between two 3-branes, separated from each other along an extra dimension with a warp factor, has a metastable minimum when the branes are infinitely separated. The classical evolution of the radion (brane separation) will place it in this false minimum for generic initial conditions. In particular, inflation could do this if the expansion rate is sufficiently large. We present a simplified version of the Goldberger-Wise mechanism in which the radion potential can be computed exactly, and we calculate the rate o…
We consider the decay of a metastable domain wall. The transition proceeds through quantum tunneling, and we calculate in arbitrary number of dimensions the preexponential factor multiplying the leading semiclassical exponential expression for the rate of the process. We find that the effect of the motion in transverse directions reduces to a renormalization of the tension of the edge of the wall in the semiclassical exponent. This behavior is similar to the one previously found for breaking of a metastable string. However this simple property is generally lost for spontaneous decay of higher-…
A chemical potential may be introduced into the AdS/CFT correspondence by setting the D3 branes of the construction spinning. In the field theory the fermionic modes are expected to condense as Cooper pairs, although at zero temperature the chemical potential destabilizes the scalar sector of the N=4 theory obscuring this phenomena. We show, in the case where a chemical potential is introduced for a small number of the gauge colours, that there is a metastable vacuum for the scalar fields where fermionic Cooper pairing is apparently manifest. In this vacuum the D3 branes expand non-commutative…
Metastable supersymmetry breaking configurations of D-branes and NS5-branes in string theory often owe their existence to classical gravitational interactions between the branes. We show that in the effective theory of the light fields, these interactions give rise to a non-canonical Kähler potential and other D-terms. String theory provides a UV completion in which these non-renormalizable terms can be computed. We use these observations to clarify the relation between the phase structure of ISS-type models and their brane realizations.
We propose a new scenario of Affleck-dine baryogenesis in the context of theories with large extra dimensions. In this paper we consider baryogenesis after thermal brane inflation and show how our mechanism works. We specifically consider models in which supersymmetry is broken at the distant brane.
We discuss a supergravity description of the metastable state that is created by a stack of anti-D3-branes placed at the tip of the KS background. When the number p of the anti-D3-branes is large g_s p >> 1 the characteristic curvature of the corresponding gravity dual is large in stringy units and one may expect the background to be regular everywhere. Starting from the distances of order R ~ (g_s p)^{1/4} away from the tip the new background can be well approximated by a linear perturbation around KS. By applying the appropriate boundary conditions in both IR and UV we found the lowest KK mo…
We study the process of thermal activation mediated by sphaleron transitions by analyzing the real-time dynamics of the decay out of equilibrium in a $1+1$ dimensional field theory with a metastable state. The situation considered is that of a rapid supercooling in which the system is trapped in a metastable state at a temperature larger than the mass of the quanta, but smaller than the energy to create a critical droplet. The initial density matrix is evolved in time and the nucleation rate (probability current at the saddle point) is computed. The nucleation rate is {\it time dependent}, van…
We consider the geometrical engineering of the non-supersymmetric metastable vacua of N = 1 super Yang-Mills proposed in hep-th/0602239 and hep-th/0610249. By T-duality they become N = 1 brane configurations. The identifications between gluino condensation and the geometry sizes for the configurations of hep-th/0610249 are studied by proceeding through the usual MQCD transitions. The geometrical description of the Seiberg dualities for the theories of hep-th/0602239 involves new types of modifications of the complex structure for the resolutions of N = 2 singularities.
We develop the quasi-particle picture for Schwarzchild and far from extremal black holes. We show that the thermalization equations of the black hole is recovered from the model of branes and anti-branes. This can also be viewed as a field theory explanation of the relationship between area and entropy for these black holes. As a by product the annihilation rate of branes and anti-branes is computed.
String theory has few or no stable nonsupersymmetric or de Sitter vacua, only metastable ones. Antibranes are a simple source of supersymmetry breaking, as in the KKLT model, but various arguments have been given that these fail to produce the desired vacua. Proper analysis of the system requires identifying the correct effective field theories at various scales. We find that it reproduces the KKLT conclusions. This is an expanded version of a talk presented at SUSY 2015, Lake Tahoe.
We outline the construction of metastable de Sitter vacua of type IIB string theory. Our starting point is highly warped IIB compactifications with nontrivial NS and RR three-form fluxes. By incorporating known corrections to the superpotential from Euclidean D-brane instantons or gaugino condensation, one can make models with all moduli fixed, yielding a supersymmetric AdS vacuum. Inclusion of a small number of anti-D3 branes in the resulting warped geometry allows one to uplift the AdS minimum and make it a metastable de Sitter ground state. The lifetime of our metastable de Sitter vacua is …
We consider the phase transition of a string with tension $\eps_1$ to a string with a smaller tension $\eps_2$ at finite temperature. For sufficiently small temperatures the transition proceeds through thermally catalyzed quantum tunneling, and we calculate in arbitrary number of dimensions the thermal catalysis factor. At $\eps_2=0$ the found formula for the decay rate also describes a break up of a metastable string into two pieces.
When unstable Dp-branes in type II string theory are placed in a B-field, the resulting tachyonic world-volume theory becomes noncommutative. We argue that for large noncommutativity parameter, condensation of the tachyon as a noncommutative soliton leads to new decay modes of the Dp-brane into (p-2)-brane configurations, which we interpret as suitably smeared BPS D(p-1)-branes. Some of these configurations are metastable. We discuss various generalizations of this decay process.
In this paper we thermalize the type II superstrings in the GS formulation by applying the TFD formalism. The thermal boundary conditions on the thermal Hilbert space are obtained from the BPS $D$-brane boundary conditions at zero temperature. We show that thermal boundary states can be obtained by thermalization from the BPS $D$-branes at zero temperature. These new states can be interpreted as thermal $D$-branes. Next, we discuss the supersymmetry breaking of the thermal string in the TFD approach. We identify the broken supersymmetry with the $ε$-transformation while the $η$-transformation …
In conventional scenario of thermal inflation, the requirement that the reheating temperature must be larger than the temperature of the nucleosynthesis puts a lower bound on the mass of the inflaton field. At the same time, the mass of the inflaton field and the height of the potential during thermal inflation are intimately related. With these conditions, the conventional models for thermal inflation are quite restricted. Naively, one can expect that the above constraints may be removed if thermal inflation is realized within the setups for hybrid inflation. In this paper we show why it is d…
We study the supersymmetry breaking induced by probe anti-D3-branes at the tip of the Klebanov-Strassler throat geometry. Antibranes inside this geometry polarize and can be described by an NS5-brane wrapping an $S^2$. When the number of antibranes is small compared to the background flux a metastable state exists that breaks supersymmetry. We present a manifestly supersymmetric effective model that realizes the polarized metastable state as a solution, spontaneously breaking the supersymmetry. The supersymmetric model relies crucially on the inclusion of Kaluza-Klein (matrix) degrees of freed…
