通过使用信息技术，在大型活动期间实现交通的集体效益
Collective benefits in traffic during mega events via the use of information technologies
摘要：
今天的信息技术可以告知我们每个人从起点到目的地的最短路径的最佳选择，但它们不包含有效管理信息以获得集体利益的激励措施或替代方案。为了获得这些好处，我们不仅需要对交通是如何形成的有很好的估计，而且还需要有目标战略，以可行的方式从最好的道路上减少足够的车辆。机会在于，在大型活动期间，大城市的交通不便程度异常之高，但这是暂时的，整个人口可能更愿意采取集体建议，以造福社会。在本文中，我们首次整合大数据资源来量化事件的影响，并提出城市规模的集体利益的目标策略。在里约热内卢奥运会的背景下，我们首先预测交通的预期增长。为此，我们整合了来自手机、Airbnb、Waze和交通信息的数据，以及比赛时间表和场地信息。其次，我们评估了奥运会对通勤者出行的影响，并提出了高峰时段不同的路线选择方案。此外，我们还收集了对全球交通拥堵贡献最大的旅行信息，这些信息可能会从车辆转向过境。有趣的是，我们发现：（i）在活动期间使用个人最短路径的新路线替代方案可以节省更多的集体出行时间，而不是保持常规路线，揭示了信息技术在活动期间的积极价值;（ii）只有一小部分人从特定区域选择从驾驶转向公共交通，集体出行时间可以在很大程度上减少。结果在网上公布，供公众和决策者评价。
英文摘要：
Information technologies today can inform each of us about the best alternatives for shortest paths from origins to destinations, but they do not contain incentives or alternatives that manage the information efficiently to get collective benefits. To obtain such benefits, we need to have not only good estimates of how the traffic is formed but also to have target strategies to reduce enough vehicles from the best possible roads in a feasible way. The opportunity is that during large events the traffic inconveniences in large cities are unusually high, yet temporary, and the entire population may be more willing to adopt collective recommendations for social good. In this paper, we integrate for the first time big data resources to quantify the impact of events and propose target strategies for collective good at urban scale. In the context of the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, we first predict the expected increase in traffic. To that end, we integrate data from: mobile phones, Airbnb, Waze, and transit information, with game schedules and information of venues. Next, we evaluate the impact of the Olympic Games to the travel of commuters, and propose different route choice scenarios during the peak hours. Moreover, we gather information on the trips that contribute the most to the global congestion and that could be redirected from vehicles to transit. Interestingly, we show that (i) following new route alternatives during the event with individual shortest path can save more collective travel time than keeping the routine routes, uncovering the positive value of information technologies during events; (ii) with only a small proportion of people selected from specific areas switching from driving to public transport, the collective travel time can be reduced to a great extent. Results are presented on-line for the evaluation of the public and policy makers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
