四次变色龙：早期宇宙中的安全无标度
Quartic Chameleons: Safely Scale-Free in the Early Universe
摘要：
在变色龙引力中，存在一个光标量场，它以这样一种方式耦合到应力-能量张量的迹线，即它的质量取决于周围物质的密度，并且场在局部的高密度环境中被屏蔽。最近的研究表明，对于变色龙理论中通常考虑的失控势，场与物质的耦合以及标准模型粒子与这种势的能量尺度之间的等级关系，当这些粒子变得非相对论时，会在早期宇宙中产生灾难性的影响。在大爆炸核合成过程中，超普朗克能量的扰动被激发，理论在相对较低的温度下的可计算性受到破坏。我们认为一个变色龙领域的四次潜力，并表明这种潜力的无标度性质，使变色龙，以避免许多问题所遇到的失控的潜力。在暴胀之后，变色龙场围绕其有效势的最小值振荡，并且其有效质量的快速变化通过量子粒子的产生激发扰动。然而，四次模型只在极高的温度下产生高能微扰，在核合成中仍能保持良好的有效场论。
英文摘要：
In chameleon gravity, there exists a light scalar field that couples to the trace of the stress-energy tensor in such a way that its mass depends on the ambient matter density, and the field is screened in local, high-density environments. Recently it was shown that, for the runaway potentials commonly considered in chameleon theories, the field's coupling to matter and the hierarchy of scales between Standard Model particles and the energy scale of such potentials result in catastrophic effects in the early Universe when these particles become nonrelativistic. Perturbations with trans-Planckian energies are excited, and the theory suffers a breakdown in calculability at the relatively low temperatures of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We consider a chameleon field in a quartic potential and show that the scale-free nature of this potential allows the chameleon to avoid many of the problems encountered by runaway potentials. Following inflation, the chameleon field oscillates around the minimum of its effective potential, and rapid changes in its effective mass excite perturbations via quantum particle production. The quartic model, however, only generates high-energy perturbations at comparably high temperatures and is able remain a well-behaved effective field theory at nucleosynthesis.
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