季节和地理对人类休息时间的影响
Seasonal and geographical impact on human resting periods
摘要：
我们研究了季节性和地理相关的日光和环境温度对人类休息或睡眠模式的影响，使用大量的个人手机数据。我们观察到两个每天不活动的时间在人们的聚合手机通话模式，并推断这些代表人口的休息时间。我们发现，夜间休息时间受到白天长度的强烈影响，其季节变化取决于纬度，例如，对于生活在两个相隔八个纬度的不同城市的人来说，南方城市的人在夏季和冬季之间的休息时间差几乎是北方城市的两倍。我们还观察到，下午休息时间的持续时间受到温度的影响，并且这种影响存在一个阈值。最后，我们观察到，每年下午和夜间休息时间的动态似乎是相互抵消。这也支持了这样一种观点，即人们每天的总休息时间在一年中或多或少是保守的。
英文摘要：
We study the influence of seasonally and geographically related daily dynamics of daylight and ambient temperature on human resting or sleeping patterns using mobile phone data of a large number of individuals. We observe two daily inactivity periods in the people's aggregated mobile phone calling patterns and infer these to represent the resting times of the population. We find that the nocturnal resting period is strongly influenced by the length of daylight, and that its seasonal variation depends on the latitude, such that for people living in two different cities separated by eight latitudinal degrees, the difference in the resting period of people between the summer and winter in southern cities is almost twice that in the northern cities. We also observe that the duration of the afternoon resting period is influenced by the temperature, and that there is a threshold from which this influence sets in. Finally, we observe that the yearly dynamics of the afternoon and nocturnal resting periods appear to be counterbalancing each other. This also lends support to the notion that the total daily resting time of people is more or less conserved across the year.
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