集体辐射原子链形成的镜和腔
Mirror and cavity formations by chains of collectively radiating atoms
摘要：
我们寻找一个原子的线性链，其中一个原子是特别选择作为探针原子，最初准备在其激发态或连续驱动的激光场的镜像和腔状功能。短链被认为是由三个和五个原子组成的。分析表明，原子间偶极-偶极相互作用的重要性，这可能导致集体有序的发射沿某些特定的方向。我们研究的条件下，可用于发射的辐射模式只包含在一个圆锥中心的原子间轴。特别感兴趣的是实现沿着原子间轴的单向发射，或者向左（向后）或向右（向前）方向，这被称为原子链的镜像行为。引入了一个与方向有关的量，称为方向性函数，它决定了系统在将辐射集中到给定方向上的有效性。我们表明，该功能依赖于原子之间的距离至关重要，并发现，有一个阈值原子间的距离，高于该阈值可以实现强定向发射。作为镜像行为的表现形式的单面发射和作为单模腔的特征的沿原子间轴的高度聚焦的发射被证明发生在定常场中。在阈值以下，方向性函数是球对称的。然而，我们发现，人口可以被困在一个原子，有时在所有的原子表明，在这些小的距离系统衰减到一个状态，没有辐射模式可供发射。
英文摘要：
We search for mirror and cavity-like features of a linear chain of atoms in which one of the atoms is specially chosen as a probe atom that is initially prepared in its excited state or is continuously driven by a laser field. Short chains are considered, composed of only three and five atoms. The analysis demonstrate the importance of the inter atomic dipole-dipole interaction which may lead to a collective ordering of the emission along some specific directions. We examine the conditions under which the radiative modes available for the emission are only those contained inside a cone centered about the inter atomic axis. Particular interest is in achieving the one-way emission along the inter atomic axis, either into left (backward) or right (forward) direction, which is referred to as a mirror-like behavior of the atomic chain. A direction dependent quantity called the directivity function, which determines how effective the system is in concentrating the radiation into a given direction, is introduced. We show that the function depends crucially on the distance between the atoms and find that there is a threshold for the inter atomic distances above which a strongly directional emission can be achieved. The one-sided emission as a manifestation of the mirror-like behavior and a highly focused emission along the inter atomic axis as a characteristic of a single-mode cavity are demonstrated to occur in the stationary field. Below the threshold the directivity function is spherically symmetric. However, we find that the population can be trapped in one of the atoms, and sometimes in all atoms indicating that at these small distances the system decays to a state for which there are no radiative modes available for emission.
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