PINGU：South Pole的中微子和粒子物理展望
PINGU: A Vision for Neutrino and Particle Physics at the South Pole
摘要：
精确冰立方下一代升级（PINGU）是冰立方中微子天文台的低能填充扩展。PINGU的探测技术与成功的IceCube例子密切相关，它将为中微子探测提供600万吨的有效质量，能量阈值为几个GeV。在这个能量范围内，每年有超过60，000个大气中微子的前所未有的样本，平谷将在比长基线中微子束实验高一个数量级的能量范围内对中微子振荡参数进行极具竞争力的测量。PINGU将测量混合参数$θ_{\rm 23}$和$Δm^2_{\rm 32}$，包括$θ_{\rm 23}$的八分圆，并在运行的4年内确定$3σ$中位显著性的中微子质量排序。PINGU对${ν_τ}$出现率的高精度测量将为$3\times 3$ PMNS中微子混合矩阵的么正性提供必要的检验。PINGU还将提高搜索太阳中低质量暗物质的灵敏度，使用中微子层析成像直接探测地球核心的组成，并提高IceCube对银河系超新星中微子的灵敏度。重新优化的PINGU设计允许大幅降低成本和后勤要求，同时提供性能几乎相同的配置以前研究。这份文件总结了详细研究的结果，将在不久发布的一份更全面的文件中进行描述。
英文摘要：
The Precision IceCube Next Generation Upgrade (PINGU) is a proposed low-energy in-fill extension to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. With detection technology modeled closely on the successful IceCube example, PINGU will provide a 6Mton effective mass for neutrino detection with an energy threshold of a few GeV. With an unprecedented sample of over 60,000 atmospheric neutrinos per year in this energy range, PINGU will make highly competitive measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters in an energy range over an order of magnitude higher than long-baseline neutrino beam experiments. PINGU will measure the mixing parameters $θ_{\rm 23}$ and $Δm^2_{\rm 32}$, including the octant of $θ_{\rm 23}$ for a wide range of values, and determine the neutrino mass ordering at $3σ$ median significance within 4 years of operation. PINGU's high precision measurement of the rate of ${ν_τ}$ appearance will provide essential tests of the unitarity of the $3\times 3$ PMNS neutrino mixing matrix. PINGU will also improve the sensitivity of searches for low mass dark matter in the Sun, use neutrino tomography to directly probe the composition of the Earth's core, and improve IceCube's sensitivity to neutrinos from Galactic supernovae. Reoptimization of the PINGU design has permitted substantial reduction in both cost and logistical requirements while delivering performance nearly identical to configurations previously studied. This document summarizes the results of detailed studies described in a more comprehensive document to be released soon.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
