In this article, we propose a sampling-based motion planning algorithm equipped with an information-theoretic convergence criterion for incremental informative motion planning. The proposed approach allows dense map representations and incorporates the full state uncertainty into the planning process. The problem is formulated as a constrained maximization problem. Our approach is built on rapidly-exploring information gathering algorithms and benefits from advantages of sampling-based optimal motion planning algorithms. We propose two information functions and their variants for fast and online computations. We prove an information-theoretic convergence for an entire exploration and information gathering mission based on the least upper bound of the average map entropy. A natural automatic stopping criterion for information-driven motion control results from the convergence analysis. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms using three scenarios: comparison of the proposed information functions and sensor configuration selection, robotic exploration in unknown environments, and a wireless signal strength monitoring task in a lake from a publicly available dataset collected using an autonomous surface vehicle.
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Amazon（亚马逊）
When robots are deployed in the field for environmental monitoring they typically execute pre-programmed motions, such as lawnmower paths, instead of adaptive methods, such as informative path planning. One reason for this is that adaptive methods are dependent on parameter choices that are both critical to set correctly and difficult for the non-specialist to choose. Here, we show how to automatically configure a planner for informative path planning by training a reinforcement learning agent to select planner parameters at each iteration of informative path planning. We demonstrate our metho…
IA-TIGRIS: An Incremental and Adaptive Sampling-Based Planner for Online Informative Path Planning
Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学计算机科学学院机器人研究所）；Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University（杨百翰大学机械工程系）
This paper reports on developing an integrated framework for safety-aware informative motion planning suitable for legged robots. The information-gathering planner takes a dense stochastic map of the environment into account, while safety constraints are enforced via Control Barrier Functions (CBFs). The planner is based on the Incrementally-exploring Information Gathering (IIG) algorithm and allows closed-loop kinodynamic node expansion using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) formalism. Robotic exploration and information gathering problems are inherently path-dependent problems. That is, the …
Cornell University（康奈尔大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）
Information gathered along a path is inherently submodular; the incremental amount of information gained along a path decreases due to redundant observations. In addition to submodularity, the incremental amount of information gained is a function of not only the current state but also the entire history as well. This paper presents the construction of the first-order necessary optimality conditions for memory (history-dependent) Lagrangians. Path-dependent problems frequently appear in robotics and artificial intelligence, where the state such as a map is partially observable, and information…
Lehigh University（利哈伊大学）；Eindhoven University of Technology（埃因霍温理工大学）
This work presents a step towards utilizing incrementally-improving symbolic perception knowledge of the robot's surroundings for provably correct reactive control synthesis applied to an autonomous driving problem. Combining abstract models of motion control and information gathering, we show that assume-guarantee specifications (a subclass of Linear Temporal Logic) can be used to define and resolve traffic rules for cautious planning. We propose a novel representation called symbolic refinement tree for perception that captures the incremental knowledge about the environment and embodies the…
ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）
Information gathering algorithms play a key role in unlocking the potential of robots for efficient data collection in a wide range of applications. However, most existing strategies neglect the fundamental problem of the robot pose uncertainty, which is an implicit requirement for creating robust, high-quality maps. To address this issue, we introduce an informative planning framework for active mapping that explicitly accounts for the pose uncertainty in both the mapping and planning tasks. Our strategy exploits a Gaussian Process (GP) model to capture a target environmental field given the …
This paper presents a novel Rapidly-exploring Adaptive Sampling Tree (RAST) algorithm for the adaptive sampling mission of a hybrid aerial underwater vehicle (HAUV) in an air-sea 3D environment. This algorithm innovatively combines the tournament-based point selection sampling strategy, the information heuristic search process and the framework of Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithm. Hence can guide the vehicle to the region of interest to scientists for sampling and generate a collision-free path for maximizing information collection by the HAUV under the constraints of environmenta…
Robotic Information Gathering (RIG) relies on the uncertainty of a probabilistic model to identify critical areas for efficient data collection. Gaussian processes (GPs) with stationary kernels have been widely adopted for spatial modeling. However, real-world spatial data typically does not satisfy the assumption of stationarity, where different locations are assumed to have the same degree of variability. As a result, the prediction uncertainty does not accurately capture prediction error, limiting the success of RIG algorithms. We propose a novel family of nonstationary kernels, named the A…
Incremental Bayesian Learning for Fail-Operational Control in Autonomous Driving
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；Great Bay University（大湾区大学）；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute（香港科技大学深圳香港协同创新研究院）
An RRT* algorithm based on Riemannian metric model for optimal path planning
School of Mathematics and Statistics（数学与统计学学院）；Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Scientific Computing（湖北省工程建模与科学计算重点实验室）
This paper proposes a novel highly scalable non-myopic planning algorithm for multi-robot Active Information Acquisition (AIA) tasks. AIA scenarios include target localization and tracking, active SLAM, surveillance, environmental monitoring and others. The objective is to compute control policies for multiple robots which minimize the accumulated uncertainty of a static hidden state over an a priori unknown horizon. The majority of existing AIA approaches are centralized and, therefore, face scaling challenges. To mitigate this issue, we propose an online algorithm that relies on decomposing …
Autonomous Systems Program, Technion –- Israel Institute of Technology. 2 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Technion –- Israel Institute of Technology
In this work, we examine the problem of online decision making under uncertainty, which we formulate as planning in the belief space. Maintaining beliefs (i.e., distributions) over high-dimensional states (e.g., entire trajectories) was not only shown to significantly improve accuracy, but also allows planning with information-theoretic objectives, as required for the tasks of active SLAM and information gathering. Nonetheless, planning under this "smoothing" paradigm holds a high computational complexity, which makes it challenging for online solution. Thus, we suggest the following idea: bef…
OGScene3D: Incremental Open-Vocabulary 3D Gaussian Scene Graph Mapping for Scene Understanding
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；University of Technology Nuremberg（纽伦堡技术大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Department of Automation, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Avionics Integration and Aviation System-of-Systems Synthesis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location Based Services, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（自动化系，教育部系统控制与信息处理重点实验室，航空系统集成与航空系统-of-系统综合国家重点实验室，上海导航与定位基于服务重点实验室，上海交通大学）
Radio Environmental Maps (REMs) are a powerful tool for enhancing the performance of various communication and networked agents. However, generating REMs is a laborious undertaking, especially in complex 3-Dimensional (3D) environments, such as indoors. To address this issue, we propose a system for autonomous generation of fine-grained REMs of indoor 3D spaces. In the system, multiple small indoor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are sequentially used for 3D sampling of signal quality indicators. The collected readings are streamlined to a Machine Learning (ML) system for its training and, onc…
University of Agder（阿格德大学）；Fuzhou University（福州大学）；Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学）；Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学）
Monitoring the respiratory rate is crucial for helping us identify respiratory disorders. Devices for conventional respiratory monitoring are inconvenient and scarcely available. Recent research has demonstrated the ability of non-contact technologies, such as photoplethysmography and infrared thermography, to gather respiratory signals from the face and monitor breathing. However, the current non-contact respiratory monitoring techniques have poor accuracy because they are sensitive to environmental influences like lighting and motion artifacts. Furthermore, frequent contact between users and…
