当前和未来对不同耦合的Bekenstein型模型的限制
Current and future constraints on Bekenstein-type models for varying couplings
摘要：
对精细结构常数$α$和质子电子质量比$μ$等无量纲基本耦合稳定性的天体物理测试是对新物理的最佳探索。在百万分之几的水平上可能的时空变化的迹象之后，对这些测试的兴趣越来越大。在这里，我们利用最新的天体物理学测量，结合背景宇宙学观测，以获得改进的约束贝肯斯坦型模型的演化这两个耦合。这些可以说是最简单的模型，允许$α$和$μ$的变化，其特征在于一个单一的自由无量纲参数，$ζ$，描述耦合的基本动力学自由度的电磁扇区。在前一种情况下，我们发现，这个参数被限制为$|ζ_α|<4.8\times10^{-6}$（改善以前的约束的一个因素6），而在后者（我们定量比较天体物理测量的第一次），我们发现$ζ_μ=(2.7\pm3.1)\times10^{-7}$，这两个都是在$99.7\%$的置信水平。对于$ζ_α$，该约束比从局部弱等价原理测试获得的约束强约20倍，而对于$ζ_μ$，该约束弱约2个数量级。我们还讨论了这些限制的改进，预计从即将推出的ESTERO和ELT-HIRES光谱仪，保守地发现一个因子约为5，后者约为50。
英文摘要：
Astrophysical tests of the stability of dimensionless fundamental couplings, such as the fine-structure constant $α$ and the proton-to-electron mass ratio $μ$, are an optimal probe of new physics. There is a growing interest in these tests, following indications of possible spacetime variations at the few parts per million level. Here we make use of the latest astrophysical measurements, combined with background cosmological observations, to obtain improved constraints on Bekenstein-type models for the evolution of both couplings. These are arguably the simplest models allowing for $α$ and $μ$ variations, and are characterized by a single free dimensionless parameter, $ζ$, describing the coupling of the underlying dynamical degree of freedom to the electromagnetic sector. In the former case we find that this parameter is constrained to be $|ζ_α|<4.8\times10^{-6}$ (improving previous constraints by a factor of 6), while in the latter (which we quantitatively compare to astrophysical measurements for the first time) we find $ζ_μ=(2.7\pm3.1)\times10^{-7}$; both of these are at the $99.7\%$ confidence level. For $ζ_α$ this constraint is about 20 times stronger than the one obtained from local Weak Equivalence Principle tests, while for $ζ_μ$ it is about 2 orders of magnitude weaker. We also discuss the improvements on these constraints to be expected from the forthcoming ESPRESSO and ELT-HIRES spectrographs, conservatively finding a factor around 5 for the former and around 50 for the latter.
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