流体实验室中旋转超辐射的探测
Detecting Rotational Superradiance in Fluid Laboratories
摘要：
旋转超辐射在几十年前就被理论预测，并且是黑洞物理学中许多重要效应和现象的主要原因。然而，旋转超辐射从未在实验中观察到。在这里，为了在实验室中探测超辐射，我们研究了位于圆形盆地中心的旋转圆柱体中的流体中的声波和表面波的行为。我们表明，与一个合适的选择的圆柱体的材料，表面和声波被放大。两种类型的不稳定性进行了研究：一套在每当superradiant模式被限制在旋转的圆柱体附近，另一个，它不依赖于限制，对应于本地激发的圆柱体。我们的研究结果是实验测试在现有的流体实验室，因此，提供实验探索和比较的动态不稳定性所产生的快速旋转边界层在天体物理学以及流体动力学系统。
英文摘要：
Rotational superradiance was predicted theoretically decades ago, and is chiefly responsible for a number of important effects and phenomenology in black-hole physics. However, rotational superradiance has never been observed experimentally. Here, with the aim of probing superradiance in the lab, we investigate the behavior of sound and surface waves in fluids resting in a circular basin at the center of which a rotating cylinder is placed. We show that with a suitable choice for the material of the cylinder, surface and sound waves are amplified. Two types of instabilities are studied: one sets in whenever superradiant modes are confined near the rotating cylinder and the other, which does not rely on confinement, corresponds to a local excitation of the cylinder. Our findings are experimentally testable in existing fluid laboratories and, hence, offer experimental exploration and comparison of dynamical instabilities arising from rapidly rotating boundary layers in astrophysical as well as in fluid dynamical systems.
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