This paper examines the relationship between certain non-commutative analogues of projective 3-space, $\mathbb{P}^3$, and the quantized enveloping algebras $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. The relationship is mediated by certain non-commutative graded algebras $S$, one for each $q \in \mathbb{C}^\times$, having a degree-two central element $c$ such that $S[c^{-1}]_0 \cong U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. The non-commutative analogues of $\mathbb{P}^3$ are the spaces $\operatorname{Proj}_{nc}(S)$. We show how the points, fat points, lines, and quadrics, in $\operatorname{Proj}_{nc}(S)$, and their incidence relations, correspond to finite dimensional irreducible representations of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$, Verma modules, annihilators of Verma modules, and homomorphisms between them.
An algebraic classification of complex $5$-dimensional nilpotent commutative $\mathfrak{CD}$-algebras is given. This classification is based on an algebraic classification of complex $5$-dimensional nilpotent Jordan algebras.
In this paper, we investigate 2-absorbing ideals of commutative semirings and prove that if $\mathfrak{a}$ is a nonzero proper ideal of a subtractive valuation semiring $S$ then $\mathfrak{a}$ is a 2-absorbing ideal of $S$ if and only if $\mathfrak{a}=\mathfrak{p}$ or $\mathfrak{a}=\mathfrak{p}^2$ where $\mathfrak{p}=\sqrt\mathfrak{a}$ is a prime ideal of $S$. We also show that each 2-absorbing ideal of a subtractive semiring $S$ is prime if and only if the prime ideals of $S$ are comparable and if $\mathfrak{p}$ is a minimal prime over a 2-absorbing ideal $\mathfrak{a}$, then $\mathfrak{am} =…
We give a geometric classification of complex $5$-dimensional nilpotent commutative $\mathfrak{CD}$-algebras. The corresponding geometric variety has dimension $24$ and decomposes into $10$ irreducible components determined by the Zariski closures of a two-parameter family of algebras, three one-parameter families of algebras, and $6$ rigid algebras.
We develop the theory of a category ${\mathscr C}_A$ which is a generalisation to non-restricted ${\mathfrak g}$-modules of a category famously studied by Andersen, Jantzen and Soergel for restricted ${\mathfrak g}$-modules, where ${\mathfrak g}$ is the Lie algebra of a reductive group $G$ over an algebraically closed field ${\mathbb K}$ of characteristic $p>0$. Its objects are certain graded bimodules. On the left, they are graded modules over an algebra $U_χ$ associated to ${\mathfrak g}$ and to $χ\in{\mathfrak g}^{*}$ in standard Levi form. On the right, they are modules over a commutative …
Orthogonal decomposition of the special linear Lie algebra over the complex numbers was studied in the early 1980s and attracted further attentions in the past decade due to its application in quantum information theory. In this paper, we study this decomposition problem of the special linear Lie algebra over a finite commutative ring with identity.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity $(1\not=0)$ and let $\mathfrak{J}(R)$ be the set of all ideals of $R$. Let $ϕ:\mathfrak{J}(R)\rightarrow\mathfrak{J}(R)\cup\{\emptyset\}$ be a reduction function of ideals of $R$ and let $δ:\mathfrak{J}(R)\rightarrow\mathfrak{J}(R)$ be an expansion function of ideals of $R$. We recall that a proper ideal $I$ of $R$ is called a $ϕ$-$δ$-primary ideal of $R$ if whenever $a,b\in R$ and $ab\in I-ϕ(I)$, then $a\in I$ or $b\inδ(I)$. In this paper, we introduce a new class of ideals that is a generalization to the class of $ϕ$-$δ$-primary ideals. Let $S$ be a m…
We introduce certain functors from the category of commutative rings (and related categories) to that of $\mathbb{Z}$-algebras (not necessarily associative or commutative). One of the motivating examples is the Leavitt path algebra functor $R\mapsto L_R(E)$ for a given graph $E$. Our goal is to find "descending" isomorphism results of the type: if $\mathfrak{F},\mathcal{G}$ are algebra functors and $K\subset K'$ a field extension, under what conditions an isomorphism $\mathfrak{F}(K')\cong \mathcal{G}(K')$ of $K'$-algebras implies the existence of an isomorphism $\mathfrak{F}(K)\cong\mathcal{G…
As a homomorphic image of the hyperalgebra $U_{q,R}(m|n)$ associated with the quantum linear supergroup $U_\upsilon(\mathfrak{gl}_{m|n})$, we first give a presentation for the $q$-Schur superalgebra $S_{q,R}(m|n,r)$ over a commutative ring $R$. We then develop a criterion for polynomial supermodules of $U_{q,F}(m|n)$ over a filed $F$ and use this to determine a classification of polynomial irreducible supermodules at roots of unity. This also gives classifications of irreducible $S_{q,F}(m|n,r)$-supermodules for all $r$. As an application when $m=n\geq r$ and motivated by the beautiful work \c…
A ring $R$ is said to be clean if each element of $R$ can be written as the sum of a unit and an idempotent. $R$ is said to be weakly clean if each element of $R$ is either a sum or a difference of a unit and an idempotent, and $R$ is said to be feebly clean if every element $r$ can be written as $r=u+e_1-e_2$, where $u$ is a unit and $e_1,e_2$ are orthogonal idempotents. Clearly clean rings are weakly clean rings and both of them are feebly clean. In a recent article (J. Algebra Appl. 17 (2018), 1850111(5 pages)), McGoven characterized when the group ring $\mathbb Z_{(p)}[C_q]$ is weakly clea…
For a commutative algebra $A$ over $\mathbb{C}$,denote $\mathfrak{g}=\text{Der}(A)$. A module over the smash product $A\# U(\mathfrak{g})$ is called a jet $\mathfrak{g}$-module, where $U(\mathfrak{g})$ is the universal enveloping algebra of $\mathfrak{g}$.In the present paper, we study jet modules in the case of $A=\mathbb{C}[t_1^{\pm 1},t_2]$.We show that $A\#U(\mathfrak{g})\cong\mathcal{D}\otimes U(L)$, where $\mathcal{D}$ is the Weyl algebra $\mathbb{C}[t_1^{\pm 1},t_2, \frac{\partial}{\partial t_1},\frac{\partial}{\partial t_2}]$, and $L$ is a Lie subalgebra of $A\# U(\mathfrak{g})$ called…
In this paper, new and significant advances on the understanding the structure of p.p. rings and their generalizations have been made. Especially among them, it is proved that a commutative ring $R$ is a generalized p.p. ring if and only if $R$ is a generalized p.f. ring and its minimal spectrum is Zariski compact, or equivalently, $R/\mathfrak{N}$ is a p.p. ring and $R_{\mathfrak{m}}$ is a primary ring for all $\mathfrak{m}\in\rm{Max}(R)$. Some of the major results of the literature either are improved or are proven by new methods. In particular, we give a new and quite elementary proof to th…
We construct new examples of left bialgebroids and Hopf algebroids, arising from noncommutative geometry. Given a first order differential calculus $Ω$ on an algebra $A$, with the space of left vector fields $\mathfrak{X}$, we construct a left $A$-bialgeroid $B\mathfrak{X}$, whose category of left modules is isomorphic to the category of left bimodule connections over the calculus. When $Ω$ is a pivotal bimodule, we construct a Hopf algebroid $H\mathfrak{X}$ over $A$, by restricting to a subcategory of bimodule connections which intertwine with both $Ω$ and $\mathfrak{X}$ in a compatible manne…
From a commutative associative algebra $A$, the infinite dimensional unital 3-Lie Poisson algebra~$\mathfrak{L}$~is constructed, which is also a canonical Nambu 3-Lie algebra, and the structure of $\mathfrak{L}$ is discussed. It is proved that: (1) there is a minimal set of generators $S$ consisting of six vectors; (2) the quotient algebra $\mathfrak{L}/\mathbb{F}L_{0, 0}^0$ is a simple 3-Lie Poisson algebra; (3) four important infinite dimensional 3-Lie algebras: 3-Virasoro-Witt algebra $\mathcal{W}_3$, $A_ω^δ$, $A_ω$ and the 3-$W_{\infty}$ algebra can be embedded in $\mathfrak{L}$.
Let $R$ be a commutative noetherian ring of dimension $d$ and $M$ be a commutative$,$ cancellative$,$ torsion-free monoid of rank $r$. Then $S$-$dim(R[M]) \leq max\{1, dim(R[M])-1 \} = max\{1, d+r-1 \}$. Further$,$ we define a class of monoids $\{\mathfrak{M}_n\}_{n \geq 1}$ such that if $M \in \mathfrak{M}_n$ is seminormal$,$ then $S$-$dim(R[M]) \leq dim(R[M]) - n= d+r-n,$ where $1 \leq n \leq r$. As an application, we prove that for the Segre extension $S_{mn}(R)$ over $R,$ $S$-$dim(S_{mn}(R)) \leq dim(S_{mn}(R)) - \Big[\frac{m+n-1}{min\{m,n\}}\Big] = d+m+n-1 - \Big[\frac{m+n-1}{min\{m,n\}}\…
