规范B-L数与中子-反中子振荡：重光子介导的长程力
Gauged B-L Number and Neutron--Antineutron Oscillation: Long-range Forces Mediated by Baryophotons
摘要：
中子到反中子的转化是一个尚未在实验中观察到的小效应。% \cite{Phillips:2014fgb}。原则上，它可以发生在真空中的自由中子或在中子和反中子不同的核环境中的束缚中子中，因此在后一种情况下，它被严重抑制。如果存在环境矢量场，区分中子和反中子，也可以抑制自由中子转换。我们认为在这里的情况下，矢量场耦合到$B-L$电荷的粒子（$B-L$光子），并研究这种可能性，导致可观察到的抑制中子反中子转换。然而，通过施加外部磁场可以消除抑制效应。如果在自由中子振荡实验中发现中子-反中子振荡现象，这将意味着从等效原理的检验出发，对$B-L$光子耦合常数和相互作用半径的限制将比目前的限制强几个数量级。如果$n-\bar n$振荡可以通过核不稳定性发现，而不能在相应能级的自由中子振荡中发现，这将表明由这种重子介导的第五力的存在。
英文摘要：
Transformation of neutron to antineutron is a small effect that has not yet been experimentally observed. %\cite{Phillips:2014fgb}. In principle, it can occur with free neutrons in the vacuum or with bound neutrons inside the nuclear environment different for neutrons and antineutrons and for that reason in the latter case it is heavily suppressed. Free neutron transformation also can be suppressed if environmental vector field exists destinguishing neutron from antineutron. We consider here the case of a vector field coupled to $B-L$ charge of the particles ($B-L$ photons) and study a possibility of this to lead to the observable suppression of neutron to antineutron transformation. The suppression effect however can be removed by applying external magnetic field. If the neutron--antineutron oscillation will be discovered in free neutron oscillation experiments, this will imply limits on $B-L$ photon coupling constant and interaction radius few order of magnitudes stronger than present limits form the tests of the equivalence principle. If $n-\bar n$ oscillation will be discovered via nuclear instability, but not in free neutron oscillations in corresponding level, this would indicate to the presence of fifth-forces mediated by such baryophotons.
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