用于远距离晴空探测的机载前向UV瑞利激光雷达turbulence（CAT）：系统设计和性能
Airborne forward pointing UV Rayleigh lidar for remote clear air turbulence (CAT) detection: system design and performance
摘要：
高性能机载紫外瑞利激光雷达系统是在欧洲项目DELICAT范围内开发的。凭借其前向架构，它旨在展示一种用于航空安全应用的晴空湍流（CAT）的新型检测方案。由于这种湍流发生在高海拔（航空巡航飞行高度）的晴朗和清洁空气中，因此无法使用微波雷达技术，在大多数情况下也无法使用相干多普勒激光雷达技术。目前的激光雷达探测技术依赖于空气密度波动测量，因此独立于来自水凝物和气溶胶颗粒的后向散射。由湍流气流引起的细微的空气密度波动要求装置特别是检测系统具有非常高的稳定性。本文介绍了一种机载测试系统，用于演示这种技术和湍流检测方法：一个高功率的紫外瑞利激光雷达系统安装在一个研究飞机上的前视配置用于巡航飞行高度。飞行试验测量表明，这种独特的激光雷达系统能够解决空气密度波动发生在轻到中度CAT在5公里或中度CAT在10公里的距离。确定的稳定性和噪声特性的缩放表明，这样的性能是足够的商业航空运输中的应用。
英文摘要：
A high-performance airborne UV Rayleigh lidar system was developed within the European project DELICAT. With its forward-pointing architecture it aims at demonstrating a novel detection scheme for clear air turbulence (CAT) for an aeronautics safety application. Due to its occurrence in clear and clean air at high altitudes (aviation cruise flight level), this type of turbulence evades microwave radar techniques and in most cases coherent Doppler lidar techniques. The present lidar detection technique relies on air density fluctuations measurement and is thus independent of backscatter from hydrometeors and aerosol particles. The subtle air density fluctuations caused by the turbulent air flow demand exceptionally high stability of the setup and in particular of the detection system. This paper describes an airborne test system for the purpose of demonstrating this technology and turbulence detection method: a high-power UV Rayleigh lidar system is installed on a research aircraft in a forward-looking configuration for use in cruise flight altitudes. Flight test measurements demonstrate this unique lidar system being able to resolve air density fluctuations occurring in light-to-moderate CAT at 5 km or moderate CAT at 10 km distance. A scaling of the determined stability and noise characteristics shows that such performance is adequate for an application in commercial air transport.
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