光电子波包的时空干涉与高频区非绝热跃迁的时间尺度
Spatio-temporal interference of photo electron wave packets and time scale of non-adiabatic transition in high-frequency regime
摘要：
包络哈密顿量方法[K.丰田，美国Saalmann和J. M. Rost，New J. Phys. { \bf 17}，073005~（2015）]被应用于进一步研究在高频区域中一维模型负离子的脱离动力学。该方法基于Floquet方法，但包络函数的时间依赖性明确地保持为任意脉冲持续时间。因此，它不仅能够描述光吸收/发射，而且能够描述由脉冲的时变包络引起的非绝热跃迁。结果表明，包络哈密顿量精确地恢复了含时薛定谔方程的结果，基于包络哈密顿量的绝热近似能很好地理解基本物理.在本文中，我们进一步探讨了两个方面的脱离动力学，这是没有做我们以前的工作。首先，我们找出了光吸收过程中光电子波包的{ \it空间}和{ \it时间}干涉的特征。我们的结论是，这两种干扰机制是普遍的电离动力学在高频区。据我们所知，这是第一次，在高频区的干扰机制提取的第一原则。其次，我们提取了一个脉冲持续时间，最大限度地提高产量的非绝热过渡作为脉冲持续时间的函数。结果表明，当脉冲宽度与电子的时间尺度相当时，它成为最大值。
英文摘要：
The method of the envelope Hamiltonian [K. Toyota, U. Saalmann, and J. M. Rost, New J. Phys. {\bf 17}, 073005~(2015)] is applied to further study a detachment dynamics of a model negative ion in one-dimension in high-frequency regime. This method is based on the Floquet approach, but the time-dependency of an envelope function is explicitly kept for arbitrary pulse durations. Therefore, it is capable of describing not only a photo absorption/emission but also a non-adiabatic transition which is induced by the time-varying envelope of the pulse. It was shown that the envelope Hamiltonian accurately retrieves the results obtained by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, and underlying physics were well understood by the adiabatic approximation based on the envelope Hamiltonian. In this paper, we further explore two more aspects of the detachment dynamics, which were not done in our previous work. First, we find out features of both a {\it spatial} and {\it temporal} interference of photo electron wave packets in a photo absorption process. We conclude that both the interference mechanisms are universal in ionization dynamics in high-frequency regime. To our knowledge, it is first time that both the interference mechanisms in high-frequency regime are extracted from the first principle. Second, we extract a pulse duration which maximize a yield of the non-adiabatic transition as a function of a pulse duration. It is shown that it becomes maximum when the pulse duration is comparable to a time-scale of an electron.
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