网络化公民社会中的国家权力与精英自治：中国非营利组织的董事会互锁
State power and elite autonomy in a networked civil society: The board interlocking of Chinese non-profits
摘要：
为了应对中央计划的失败，中国政府不仅尝试了自由市场贸易区，还允许非营利基金会以分散的方式运作。一项网络研究显示，这些基金会是如何通过共享董事会成员而联系在一起的，这在结构上与美国和欧洲的公司相似。这种董事会的连锁导致了一个拥有特权网络地位的精英群体的出现。虽然政府官员在非营利组织董事会中的存在很普遍，但政府官员在控制网络中一半以上收入的基金会子集团中却不那么常见。这一亚群与商界精英联系紧密，不仅享有较高的精英内部联系水平，甚至优先将政府官员排除在学历较高的非政府组织之外。这种结构上的自治领域的出现与国家-社会关系中的重大政治和社会事件有关。聚类分析揭示了这个领域内的多个内部组成部分，它们具有相似的网络影响力水平。中国的非营利组织不是以政府官员为中心的核心-外围结构，而是一个由不同精英群体组成的多极世界，其中许多人在政府直接控制下实现了高度独立。
英文摘要：
In response to failures of central planning, the Chinese government has experimented not only with free-market trade zones, but with allowing non-profit foundations to operate in a decentralized fashion. A network study shows how these foundations have connected together by sharing board members, in a structural parallel to what is seen in corporations in the United States and Europe. This board interlocking leads to the emergence of an elite group with privileged network positions. While the presence of government officials on non-profit boards is widespread, government officials are much less common in a subgroup of foundations that control just over half of all revenue in the network. This subgroup, associated with business elites, not only enjoys higher levels of within-elite links, but even preferentially excludes government officials from the NGOs with higher degree. The emergence of this structurally autonomous sphere is associated with major political and social events in the state-society relationship. Cluster analysis reveals multiple internal components within this sphere that share similar levels of network influence. Rather than a core-periphery structure centered around government officials, the Chinese non-profit world appears to be a multipolar one of distinct elite groups, many of which achieve high levels of independence from direct government control.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
