利用宇宙μ子多重库仑散射分析乏核燃料成像
Analysis of Spent Nuclear Fuel Imaging Using Multiple Coulomb Scattering of Cosmic Muons
摘要：
穿过物质的宇宙射线μ子在与电子的非弹性碰撞中失去能量，并由于多次库仑散射而从原子核偏转。散射对原子序数Z的强烈依赖性和位置敏感μ子探测器的最新发展表明，多次库仑散射可能是乏核燃料成像的一个很好的候选者。与现有的监测和成像技术相比，μ子具有显著的优势，可以在监测储存在密集屏蔽容器中的核废物和乏核燃料方面发挥核心作用。本文的主要目的是调查的多次库仑散射成像乏核燃料干桶存储在垂直和水平的商业存储干桶的适用性。计算了垂直和水平满载干桶、半满载干桶、缺少一排燃料组件的干桶、缺少一个燃料组件的干桶和空干桶等不同情况下的μ介子散射。使用各种探测器尺寸（1.2 m x 1.2 m、2.4 m x 2.4 m和3.6 m x 3.6 m）和μ子数量（$10^{5}, 5\cdot10^{5}, 10^{6}$和$10^{7}$）评估对图像分辨率的影响。最接近点（PoCA）算法用于重建存储的内容。结果表明，多重库仑散射可以用来成功地重建干桶内容，并允许识别所有的情况下，一个燃料组件丢失。在这种情况下，存在燃料组件不存在的指示;然而，成像算法的分辨率不足以识别准确位置。
英文摘要：
Cosmic ray muons passing through matter lose energy from inelastic collisions with electrons and are deflected from nuclei due to multiple Coulomb scattering. The strong dependence of scattering on atomic number Z and the recent developments on position sensitive muon detectors indicate that multiple Coulomb scattering could be an excellent candidate for spent nuclear fuel imaging. Muons present significant advantages over existing monitoring and imaging techniques and can play a central role in monitoring nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel stored in dense well shielded containers. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of multiple Coulomb scattering for imaging of spent nuclear fuel dry casks stored within vertical and horizontal commercial storage dry casks. Calculations of muon scattering were performed for various scenarios, including vertical and horizontal fully loaded dry casks, half loaded dry casks, dry casks with one row of fuel assemblies missing, dry casks with one fuel assembly missing and empty dry casks. Various detector sizes (1.2 m x 1.2 m, 2.4 m x 2.4 m and 3.6 m x 3.6 m) and number of muons ($10^{5}, 5\cdot10^{5}, 10^{6}$ and $10^{7}$) were used to assess the effect on image resolution. The Point-of-Closest-Approach (PoCA) algorithm was used for the reconstruction of the stored contents. The results demonstrate that multiple Coulomb scattering can be used to successfully reconstruct the dry cask contents and allow identification of all scenarios with the exception of one fuel assembly missing. In this case, an indication exists that a fuel assembly is not present; however the resolution of the imaging algorithm was not enough to identify exact location.
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