乏核燃料的反中微子监测
Antineutrino monitoring of spent nuclear fuel
摘要：
过去70年来，核能的军事和民用应用留下了大量乏核燃料。目前，在世界上许多国家，核能的使用正在增加。因此，高放射性核废料的管理是一个紧迫的问题。在这封信中，我们探讨了反中微子探测器作为监测和保障核废料的工具。我们计算作为时间的函数的乏核燃料元件发射的反中微子的通量和光谱，我们说明了反中微子探测器在几个基准方案的实用性。特别是，我们演示了如何测量的反中微子通量可以帮助重新验证的情况下，通过常规手段得到中断的监测链的干存储桶的内容。然后，我们评论反中微子探测器在长期存储设施，如尤卡山的有用性。最后，我们提出了反中微子探测作为一种工具，在定位地下“热点”污染地区，如在华盛顿州的汉福德网站。
英文摘要：
Military and civilian applications of nuclear energy have left a significant amount of spent nuclear fuel over the past 70 years. Currently, in many countries world wide, the use of nuclear energy is on the rise. Therefore, the management of highly radioactive nuclear waste is a pressing issue. In this letter, we explore antineutrino detectors as a tool for monitoring and safeguarding nuclear waste material. We compute the flux and spectrum of antineutrinos emitted by spent nuclear fuel elements as a function of time, and we illustrate the usefulness of antineutrino detectors in several benchmark scenarios. In particular, we demonstrate how a measurement of the antineutrino flux can help to re-verify the contents of a dry storage cask in case the monitoring chain by conventional means gets disrupted. We then comment on the usefulness of antineutrino detectors at long-term storage facilities such as Yucca mountain. Finally, we put forward antineutrino detection as a tool in locating underground "hot spots" in contaminated areas such as the Hanford site in Washington state.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
