阿克塞尔罗德模型中的分层社会影响促进多元文化
Layered social influence promotes multiculturality in the Axelrod model
摘要：
为什么我们的社会是多元文化的？阿克塞尔罗德提出的文化传播的经典模式基于同质性和社会影响这两种机制，预测了一个碎片化的政权的存在，在这个政权中，不同的文化可以在一个社会网络中共存。然而，在这样的模型中，多元文化制度只有在大量的文化特征存在时才能实现，并且对文化漂移（即代理人特征的自发突变）并不稳健。在现实系统中，社会影响力本质上是分层组织的，这意味着个人倾向于根据他们互动的主题来多样化他们的联系。在这项工作中，我们表明，在现实世界的社会系统中观察到的多元文化的持久性是社会影响的分层组织的自然结果。我们发现，分离的单文化和多元文化制度的文化特征的临界数量取决于跨层的成对连接的冗余。令人惊讶的是，对于较低的结构冗余值，系统始终处于多元文化状态，与特征的数量无关，并且对文化漂移的存在具有鲁棒性。此外，我们表明，分层的社会影响力允许共存的不同层次的共识在不同的主题。通过对两个现实世界的社交网络的分析，证实了从合成图上的模拟中获得的洞察力，即使对于非常少的文化特征，多元文化的制度仍然存在，这表明社会互动的分层组织可能确实是多元文化社会的核心。
英文摘要：
Why is our society multicultural? Based on the two mechanisms of homophily and social influence, the classical model for the dissemination of cultures proposed by Axelrod predicts the existence of a fragmented regime where different cultures can coexist in a social network. However, in such model the multicultural regime is achievable only when a high number of cultural traits is present, and is not robust against cultural drift, i.e. the spontaneous mutations of agents' traits. In real systems, social influence is inherently organised in layers, meaning that individuals tend to diversify their connections according to the topic on which they interact. In this work we show that the observed persistence of multiculturality in real-world social systems is a natural consequence of the layered organisation of social influence. We find that the critical number of cultural traits that separates the monocultural and the multicultural regimes depends on the redundancy of pairwise connections across layers. Surprisingly, for low values of structural redundancy the system is always in a multicultural state, independently on the number of traits, and is robust to the presence of cultural drift. Moreover, we show that layered social influence allows the coexistence of different levels of consensus on different topics. The insight obtained from simulations on synthetic graphs are confirmed by the analysis of two real-world social networks, where the multicultural regime persists even for a very small number of cultural traits, suggesting that the layered organisation of social interactions might indeed be at the heart of multicultural societies.
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