arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1606.04838stat.MLcs.LGmath.OC
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大规模机器学习的优化方法

Optimization Methods for Large-Scale Machine Learning

Facebook AI Research(脸书人工智能研究院);Lehigh University(利哈伊大学);Northwestern University(西北大学)

Léon Bottou, Frank E. Curtis, Jorge Nocedal

摘要:

本文对数值优化算法在机器学习应用背景下的过去、现在和未来进行了回顾和评论。通过对文本分类和深度神经网络训练的案例研究,我们讨论了优化问题是如何在机器学习中出现的,以及是什么使它们具有挑战性。我们研究的一个主要主题是,大规模机器学习代表了一种独特的设置,其中随机梯度(SG)方法传统上发挥了核心作用,而传统的基于梯度的非线性优化技术通常会动摇。基于这一观点,我们提出了一个全面的理论,一个简单的,但通用的SG算法,讨论其实际行为,并强调设计算法的机会,提高性能。这导致了关于下一代大规模机器学习的优化方法的讨论,包括两个主流的研究技术,减少随机方向的噪声和方法,利用二阶导数近似的调查。

英文摘要:

This paper provides a review and commentary on the past, present, and future of numerical optimization algorithms in the context of machine learning applications. Through case studies on text classification and the training of deep neural networks, we discuss how optimization problems arise in machine learning and what makes them challenging. A major theme of our study is that large-scale machine learning represents a distinctive setting in which the stochastic gradient (SG) method has traditionally played a central role while conventional gradient-based nonlinear optimization techniques typically falter. Based on this viewpoint, we present a comprehensive theory of a straightforward, yet versatile SG algorithm, discuss its practical behavior, and highlight opportunities for designing algorithms with improved performance. This leads to a discussion about the next generation of optimization methods for large-scale machine learning, including an investigation of two main streams of research on techniques that diminish noise in the stochastic directions and methods that make use of second-order derivative approximations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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