基于法布里-珀罗干涉仪的全光纤上转换高光谱分辨率测风雷达
All-fiber upconversion high spectral resolution wind lidar using a Fabry-Perot interferometer
摘要：
提出了一种全光纤、微脉冲、人眼安全的1550 nm高光谱分辨率测风激光雷达（HSRWL），该雷达采用一对上转换单光子探测器和光纤法布里-珀罗扫描干涉仪（FFP-SI）。为了提高光学探测效率，利用FFP-SI的透射谱和反射谱对气溶胶后向散射和参考激光脉冲进行光谱分析。参考信号从输出激光器中引出，用作零速度指示器。从频率响应函数Q中检索多普勒频移，频率响应函数Q被定义为发射信号和反射信号的差与它们的和的比率。利用探测器的高信噪比和FFP-SI的高光谱分辨率，沿望远镜视线方向重建了气溶胶后向散射的Q谱。通过应用最小二乘拟合程序的测量Q谱，中心频率和带宽的同时获得。然后相对于参考信号的中心频率确定多普勒频移。为了消除温度波动对FFP-SI的影响，FFP-SI在测量期间被置于温度稳定性为0.001的室中。在合肥（31.843 N，117.265 E）进行了连续两天的LOS风观测。与此同时，从HSRWL LOS风测量显示出良好的协议，从超声波风传感器（维萨拉windcap WMT 52）的结果。由于Q函数的卷积运算计算量大，采用经验方法来评估测量质量。风速的标准差为0.76米/秒，在1.8公里。在1.8km处，所检索的带宽变化的标准偏差为2.07MHz。
英文摘要：
An all-fiber, micro-pulse and eye-safe high spectral resolution wind lidar (HSRWL) at 1550nm is proposed and demonstrated by using a pair of upconversion single-photon detectors and a fiber Fabry-Perot scanning interferometer (FFP-SI). In order to improve the optical detection efficiency, both the transmission spectrum and the reflection spectrum of the FFP-SI are used for spectral analyses of the aerosol backscatter and the reference laser pulse. The reference signal is tapped from the outgoing laser and served as a zero velocity indicator. The Doppler shift is retrieved from a frequency response function Q, which is defined as the ratio of difference of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal to their sum. Taking advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio of the detectors and high spectral resolution of the FFP-SI, the Q spectra of the aerosol backscatter are reconstructed along the line-of-sight (LOS) of the telescope. By applying a least squares fit procedure to the measured Q spectra, the center frequencies and the bandwidths are obtained simultaneously. And then the Doppler shifts are determined relative to the center frequency of the reference signal. To eliminate the influence of temperature fluctuations on the FFP-SI, the FFP-SI is cased in a chamber with temperature stability of 0.001 during the measurement. Continuous LOS wind observations are carried out on two days at Hefei (31.843 N, 117.265 E), China. In the meantime, LOS wind measurements from the HSRWL show good agreement with the results from an ultrasonic wind sensor (Vaisala windcap WMT52). Due to the computational expensive of the convolution operation of the Q function, an empirical method is adopted to evaluate the quality of the measurements. The standard deviation of the wind speed is 0.76 m/s at the 1.8 km. The standard deviation of the retrieved bandwidth variation is 2.07 MHz at the 1.8 km.
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